Channel
Provides low-level building blocks for streaming data through Effect.
A Channel can read input elements, write output elements, fail with a typed
error, and finish with a typed result while managing resources safely.
Streams and sinks are built on channels, so most application code uses those
higher-level modules instead. This module is useful when implementing stream
operators or specialized streaming workflows.
Accessors
contextWith
Creates a channel from the specified services.
Signature
declare function contextWith<Env, OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2>(f: (context: Context<Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>Buffering
Buffers individual output elements in a queue with the configured capacity
so a faster producer can progress independently of a slower consumer.
When to use
Use when output elements can be decoupled from downstream demand and the configured backpressure or loss strategy is acceptable.
Details
Finite queues use the strategy option. The default "suspend" strategy
applies backpressure, while "dropping" and "sliding" can discard output
elements when the queue is full. "unbounded" capacity does not use a finite
capacity strategy.
Gotchas
Dropping and sliding strategies can lose output elements under backpressure.
See
- bufferArray for buffering elements from array outputs
Signature
declare const buffer: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}bufferArray
Buffers array output elements in a queue with the configured capacity so a
faster producer can progress independently of a slower consumer.
When to use
Use when emitted arrays are batches of elements and it is acceptable for buffering to flatten and rebuild those batches.
Details
Finite queues use the strategy option. The default "suspend" strategy
applies backpressure, while "dropping" and "sliding" can discard output
elements when the queue is full. "unbounded" capacity does not use a finite
capacity strategy.
Gotchas
Input arrays are offered to the queue element-by-element and outputs are rebuilt from the currently available queued elements, so upstream array boundaries are not preserved.
See
- buffer for buffering output elements without flattening arrays
Signature
declare const bufferArray: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Combining
Returns a new channel, which is the merge of this channel and the specified channel.
Signature
declare const merge: { <OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(right: Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, options?: { readonly haltStrategy?: HaltStrategy; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(left: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone1 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(left: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, right: Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, options?: { readonly haltStrategy?: HaltStrategy; }): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Merging channels)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create two channelsconst leftChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])const rightChannel = Channel.fromIterable(["a", "b", "c"])
// The default "both" strategy waits for both channels to completeconst mergedChannel = Channel.merge(leftChannel, rightChannel)
const values = await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(mergedChannel))values.map(String).sort() // => ["1", "2", "3", "a", "b", "c"]Merges multiple channels with specified concurrency and buffering options.
When to use
Use when channel outputs are themselves channels and multiple inner channels should run with configured concurrency and buffering.
Signature
declare const mergeAll: { (options: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency: number | "unbounded"; readonly switch?: boolean; }): <OutElem, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(channels: Channel<Channel<OutElem, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(channels: Channel<Channel<OutElem, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, options: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency: number | "unbounded"; readonly switch?: boolean; }): Channel<OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>;}Example
(Merging nested channels)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class MergeAllError extends Data.TaggedError("MergeAllError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create channels that output other channelsconst nestedChannels = Channel.fromIterable([ Channel.fromIterable([1, 2]), Channel.fromIterable([3, 4]), Channel.fromIterable([5, 6])])
// Merge all channels with bounded concurrencyconst mergedChannel = Channel.mergeAll({ concurrency: 1, bufferSize: 16})(nestedChannels)
await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(mergedChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]mergeEffect
Runs an effect concurrently with a channel while emitting only the channel's output elements.
When to use
Use when a side effect should run for the lifetime of a channel and only the channel's output elements should be emitted.
Details
The effect's successful value is ignored. If the effect fails while the channel is running, the returned channel fails with that error.
Signature
declare const mergeEffect: { <X, E, R>(effect: Effect<X, E, R>): <OutElem, OutDone, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, X, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, effect: Effect<X, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Constants
DefaultChunkSize
The default chunk size used by channels for batching operations.
Signature
declare const DefaultChunkSize: numberExample
(Reading the default chunk size)
import { Channel } from "effect"
Channel.DefaultChunkSize // => 4096Constructors
acquireRelease
Acquires a resource, emits the acquired value as a single channel element,
and registers release in the channel scope.
Details
The release action runs when the channel scope closes and receives the scope
exit. If acquisition fails, no element is emitted and release is not
registered.
Signature
declare const acquireRelease: { <Z>(release: (z: Z, e: Exit<unknown, unknown>) => Effect<unknown>): <E, R>(self: Effect<Z, E, R>) => Channel<Z, E, void, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>; <Z, E, R>(self: Effect<Z, E, R>, release: (z: Z, e: Exit<unknown, unknown>) => Effect<unknown>): Channel<Z, E, void, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>;}Example
(Managing resources with acquire-release)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const released: Array<string> = []const channel = Channel.acquireRelease( Effect.succeed("resource"), (resource, exit) => Effect.sync(() => released.push(resource)))const observed = [await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)), released] // => [["resource"], ["resource"]]acquireUseRelease
Acquires a resource, uses it to build a Channel, and guarantees that
release runs with the channel's Exit when the channel completes, fails,
or is interrupted.
Details
Acquisition is uninterruptible. If acquisition fails, use is not run and
release is not registered.
Signature
declare function acquireUseRelease<A, E, R, OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(acquire: Effect<A, E, R>, use: (a: A) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, release: (a: A, exit: Exit<OutDone, OutErr>) => Effect<unknown>): Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>Example
(Managing resources with acquire-use-release)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const released: Array<string> = []const channel = Channel.acquireUseRelease( Effect.succeed("resource"), (resource) => Channel.succeed(resource.toUpperCase()), (resource, exit) => Effect.sync(() => released.push(resource)))const observed = [await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)), released] // => [["RESOURCE"], ["resource"]]Creates a Channel that interacts with a callback function using a queue.
Signature
declare function callback<A, E = never, R = never>(f: (queue: Queue<A, E | Done<void>>) => Effect<unknown, E, Scope | R>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly strategy?: "sliding" | "dropping" | "suspend";}): Channel<A, E, void, unknown, unknown, unknown, Exclude<R, Scope>>Example
(Creating channels from callbacks)
import { Channel, Effect, Queue } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.callback<number>((queue) => Effect.gen(function*() { yield* Queue.offer(queue, 1) yield* Queue.offer(queue, 2) yield* Queue.offer(queue, 3) yield* Queue.end(queue) }))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [1, 2, 3]callbackArray
Creates a Channel that interacts with a callback function using a queue, emitting arrays.
Signature
declare function callbackArray<A, E = never, R = never>(f: (queue: Queue<A, Done<void> | E>) => Effect<unknown, E, Scope | R>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly strategy?: "sliding" | "dropping" | "suspend";}): Channel<readonly [A, A], E, void, unknown, unknown, unknown, Exclude<R, Scope>>Example
(Creating array channels from callbacks)
import { Channel, Effect, Queue } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.callbackArray<number>(Effect.fn(function*(queue) { yield* Queue.offer(queue, 1) yield* Queue.offer(queue, 2) yield* Queue.end(queue)}))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [[1, 2]]Constructs a channel that fails immediately with the specified defect.
Signature
declare function die(defect: unknown): Channel<never, never, never>Example
(Dying with defects)
import { Cause, Channel, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
const defect = "Unrecoverable error"const diedChannel = Channel.die(defect)Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(diedChannel))) // => Exit.failCause(Cause.die(defect))The starting channel for Do notation, emitting an empty object.
Signature
declare const Do: Channel<{}>Creates a new channel that consumes all output from the source channel but emits nothing, preserving only the completion value.
Signature
declare function drain<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): Channel<never, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Example
(Draining channel output)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create a channel that outputs valuesconst sourceChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
// Drain all output, keeping only the completionconst drainedChannel = Channel.drain(sourceChannel)
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(drainedChannel)) // => []Represents a Channel that emits no elements.
Signature
declare const empty: Channel<never>Example
(Creating empty channels)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create an empty channelconst emptyChannel = Channel.empty
// Use empty channel in compositionconst combined = Channel.concatWith(emptyChannel, () => Channel.succeed(42))// Will immediately provide the second channel's output
// Empty channel can be used as a no-op in conditional logicconst conditionalChannel = (shouldEmit: boolean) => shouldEmit ? Channel.succeed("data") : Channel.empty
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(conditionalChannel(true))) // => ["data"]Creates a Channel that immediately ends with the specified value.
Signature
declare function end<A>(value: A): Channel<never, never, A>Example
(Ending with a value)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.end("done")Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => []Creates a Channel that immediately ends with the lazily evaluated value.
Signature
declare function endSync<A>(evaluate: LazyArg<A>): Channel<never, never, A>Constructs a channel that fails immediately with the specified error.
Signature
declare function fail<E>(error: E): Channel<never, E, never>Example
(Failing with an error)
import { Channel, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
const failedChannel = Channel.fail("Something went wrong")Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(failedChannel))) // => Exit.fail("Something went wrong")Constructs a channel that fails immediately with the specified Cause.
When to use
Use when the channel failure must preserve a full Cause, such as defects,
interruptions, or combined failures.
Signature
declare function failCause<E>(cause: Cause<E>): Channel<never, E, never>Example
(Failing with causes)
import { Cause, Channel, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
const simpleCause = Cause.fail("Simple error")const failedChannel = Channel.failCause(simpleCause)Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(failedChannel))) // => Exit.failCause(simpleCause)failCauseSync
Constructs a channel that fails immediately with the specified lazily
evaluated Cause.
Signature
declare function failCauseSync<E>(evaluate: LazyArg<Cause<E>>): Channel<never, E, never>Example
(Failing with lazy causes)
import { Cause, Channel, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
// Create a channel that fails with a lazily computed causelet attempts = 0const failedChannel = Channel.failCauseSync(() => { attempts += 1 return Cause.fail(`Runtime error after attempt ${attempts}`)})
const observed = [ Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(failedChannel))), attempts] // => [Exit.fail("Runtime error after attempt 1"), 1]Constructs a channel that fails immediately with the specified lazily evaluated error.
When to use
Use when the error value should be computed each time the channel runs instead of when the channel is constructed.
Signature
declare function failSync<E>(evaluate: LazyArg<E>): Channel<never, E, never>Example
(Failing with a lazy error)
import { Channel, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
let attempts = 0const conditionalError = Channel.failSync(() => { attempts += 1 return `Error after attempt ${attempts}`})const observed = [ Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(conditionalError))), attempts] // => [Exit.fail("Error after attempt 1"), 1]Flattens a channel of channels.
Signature
declare function flatten<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(channels: Channel<Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>Example
(Flattening nested channels)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class FlattenError extends Data.TaggedError("FlattenError")<{ readonly cause: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs channelsconst nestedChannels = Channel.fromIterable([ Channel.fromIterable([1, 2]), Channel.fromIterable([3, 4]), Channel.fromIterable([5, 6])])
// Flatten the nested channelsconst flattenedChannel = Channel.flatten(nestedChannels)
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(flattenedChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]Creates a Channel that emits all elements from an array.
Signature
declare function fromArray<A>(array: readonly Array<A>): Channel<A>Example
(Creating channels from arrays)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.fromArray([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]fromAsyncIterable
Creates a channel that pulls values from an AsyncIterable.
Details
Each yielded value is emitted as an output element. The iterator's return
value becomes the channel's done value. Thrown or rejected iterator errors
are converted with onError. If the channel scope closes early and the
iterator has a return method, that method is called.
Signature
declare function fromAsyncIterable<A, D, E>(iterable: AsyncIterable<A, D>, onError: (error: unknown) => E): Channel<A, E, D>fromAsyncIterableArray
Creates a channel from an AsyncIterable, emitting each yielded value as a
single-element non-empty array.
Details
The iterator's return value becomes the channel's done value. Thrown or
rejected iterator errors are converted with onError. If the channel scope
closes early and the iterator has a return method, that method is called.
Signature
declare function fromAsyncIterableArray<A, D, E>(iterable: AsyncIterable<A, D>, onError: (error: unknown) => E): Channel<readonly [A, A], E, D>Creates a Channel that emits all elements from a chunk.
Signature
declare function fromChunk<A>(chunk: Chunk<A>): Channel<A>Example
(Creating channels from chunks)
import { Channel, Chunk, Effect } from "effect"
const chunk = Chunk.make(1, 2, 3)const channel = Channel.fromChunk(chunk)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [1, 2, 3]fromEffect
Uses an effect to write a single value to the channel.
Signature
declare function fromEffect<A, E, R>(effect: Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<A, Exclude<E, Done<any>>, void, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>Example
(Creating channels from effects)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const successChannel = Channel.fromEffect( Effect.succeed("Hello from effect!"))Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(successChannel)) // => ["Hello from effect!"]fromEffectDone
Creates a channel that evaluates an effect and uses its successful value as the channel's done value without emitting any output elements.
Details
If the effect fails, the channel fails with the effect's error.
Signature
declare function fromEffectDone<A, E, R>(effect: Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<never, Exclude<E, Done<any>>, A, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>fromEffectDrain
Uses an effect and discards its result.
Signature
declare function fromEffectDrain<A, E, R>(effect: Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<never, E, void, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>fromEffectTake
Creates a channel from an effect that produces a Take.
Details
A successful Take emits a non-empty array of output elements. A failed
Take fails the channel. A done Take completes the channel with its done
value.
Signature
declare function fromEffectTake<A, E, Done, E2, R>(effect: Effect<Take<A, E, Done>, E2, R>): Channel<readonly [A, A], E | E2, Done, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>fromIterable
Creates a Channel that emits all elements from an iterable.
Signature
declare function fromIterable<A, L>(iterable: Iterable<A, L>): Channel<A, never, L>Example
(Creating channels from iterables)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const set = new Set([1, 2, 3])const channel = Channel.fromIterable(set)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [1, 2, 3]fromIterableArray
Creates a Channel that emits arrays of elements from an iterable.
Signature
declare function fromIterableArray<A, L>(iterable: Iterable<A, L>, chunkSize: number): Channel<readonly [A, A], never, L>Example
(Batching iterable output)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]const channel = Channel.fromIterableArray(numbers, 4)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5]]fromIterator
Creates a Channel from an iterator.
Signature
declare function fromIterator<A, L>(iterator: LazyArg<Iterator<A, L, any>>): Channel<A, never, L>Example
(Creating channels from iterators)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]const channel = Channel.fromIterator(() => numbers[Symbol.iterator]())Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]fromIteratorArray
Creates a Channel from an iterator that emits arrays of elements.
Signature
declare function fromIteratorArray<A, L>(iterator: LazyArg<Iterator<A, L, any>>, chunkSize: number): Channel<readonly [A, A], never, L>Example
(Batching iterator output)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create a channel from a simple iteratorconst numberIterator = (): Iterator<number, string> => { let count = 0 return { next: () => { if (count < 3) { return { value: count++, done: false } } return { value: "finished", done: true } } }}
const channel = Channel.fromIteratorArray(() => numberIterator(), 2)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [[0, 1], [2]]Example
(Batching generator output)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create channel from a generator functionfunction* fibonacci(): Generator<number, void, unknown> { let a = 0, b = 1 for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { yield a ;[a, b] = [b, a + b] }}
const fibChannel = Channel.fromIteratorArray(() => fibonacci(), 3)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(fibChannel)) // => [[0, 1, 1], [2, 3]]fromPubSub
Creates a channel from a PubSub that outputs individual values.
Details
This constructor creates a channel that reads from a PubSub by automatically subscribing to it. The channel outputs individual values as they are published to the PubSub, making it ideal for real-time streaming scenarios.
Signature
declare function fromPubSub<A>(pubsub: PubSub<A>): Channel<A>Example
(Creating channels from PubSubs)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
class StreamError extends Data.TaggedError("StreamError")<{ readonly message: string}> {}
const program = Effect.gen(function*() { const pubsub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<number>({ replay: 3 })
// Create a channel that reads individual values const channel = Channel.fromPubSub(pubsub)
// Publish some values yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 1) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 2) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 3)
// The channel will output: 1, 2, 3 (individual values) return channel})const result = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(program, Channel.runHead))await Effect.runPromise(result) // => Option.some(1)Example
(Streaming PubSub notifications)
import { Channel, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
const notificationService = Effect.gen(function*() { const notificationPubSub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<string>({ replay: 1 })
// Create a channel for real-time notifications const notificationChannel = Channel.fromPubSub(notificationPubSub)
// Transform notifications to add timestamps const receivedAt = "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z" const timestampedChannel = Channel.map(notificationChannel, (message) => ({ message, receivedAt, id: `notification:${message}` }))
yield* PubSub.publish(notificationPubSub, "ready") return timestampedChannel})const notification = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(notificationService, Channel.runHead))await Effect.runPromise(notification) // => Option.some({ message: "ready", receivedAt: "2024-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", id: "notification:ready" })Example
(Processing PubSub events)
import { Channel, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
interface DomainEvent { readonly type: string readonly payload: unknown readonly timestamp: number}
const eventProcessor = Effect.gen(function*() { const eventPubSub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<DomainEvent>({ replay: 1 })
// Create a channel for processing domain events const eventChannel = Channel.fromPubSub(eventPubSub)
// Filter and transform events const processedChannel = Channel.map(eventChannel, (event) => { if (event.type === "user.created") { return { ...event, processed: true, processedAt: event.timestamp + 1 } } return event })
yield* PubSub.publish(eventPubSub, { type: "user.created", payload: {}, timestamp: 1 }) return processedChannel})const event = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(eventProcessor, Channel.runHead))const result = await Effect.runPromise(event) // => Option.some({ type: "user.created", payload: {}, timestamp: 1, processed: true, processedAt: 2 })fromPubSubArray
Creates a channel from a PubSub that outputs arrays of values.
Details
This constructor creates a channel that reads from a PubSub by automatically subscribing to it and collecting values into arrays. The channel outputs arrays of values in chunks, making it ideal for batch processing scenarios.
Signature
declare function fromPubSubArray<A>(pubsub: PubSub<A>): Channel<readonly [A, A]>Example
(Batching PubSub values)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
class BatchError extends Data.TaggedError("BatchError")<{ readonly message: string}> {}
const program = Effect.gen(function*() { const pubsub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<number>({ replay: 4 })
// Create a channel that reads arrays of values const channel = Channel.fromPubSubArray(pubsub)
// Publish some values yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 1) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 2) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 3) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 4)
// The channel will output arrays like [1, 2, 3] and [4] return channel})const result = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(program, Channel.runHead))await Effect.runPromise(result) // => Option.some([1, 2, 3, 4])Example
(Processing PubSub orders in batches)
import { Channel, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
interface Order { readonly id: string readonly customerId: string readonly items: ReadonlyArray<string> readonly total: number readonly submittedAt: number}
const orderBatchProcessor = Effect.gen(function*() { const orderPubSub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<Order>({ replay: 1 })
// Create a channel that processes orders in batches const orderChannel = Channel.fromPubSubArray(orderPubSub)
// Transform to process each batch of orders const processedChannel = Channel.map(orderChannel, (orderBatch) => { const totalRevenue = orderBatch.reduce((sum, order) => sum + order.total, 0) const customerCount = new Set(orderBatch.map((order) => order.customerId )).size
return { batchSize: orderBatch.length, totalRevenue, uniqueCustomers: customerCount, firstSubmittedAt: Math.min(...orderBatch.map((order) => order.submittedAt)), orders: orderBatch } })
yield* PubSub.publish(orderPubSub, { id: "1", customerId: "a", items: ["book"], total: 10, submittedAt: 1 }) return processedChannel})const order = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(orderBatchProcessor, Channel.runHead))const result = await Effect.runPromise(order)Option.map(result, (batch) => [batch.batchSize, batch.totalRevenue, batch.uniqueCustomers]) // => Option.some([1, 10, 1])Example
(Processing PubSub logs in batches)
import { Channel, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
interface LogEntry { readonly timestamp: number readonly level: "info" | "warn" | "error" readonly message: string readonly source: string}
const logAggregator = Effect.gen(function*() { const logPubSub = yield* PubSub.unbounded<LogEntry>({ replay: 1 })
// Create a channel that collects logs in batches const logChannel = Channel.fromPubSubArray(logPubSub)
// Transform to analyze log batches const analysisChannel = Channel.map(logChannel, (logBatch) => { const errorCount = logBatch.filter((log) => log.level === "error").length const warnCount = logBatch.filter((log) => log.level === "warn").length const infoCount = logBatch.filter((log) => log.level === "info").length
const timeRange = { start: Math.min(...logBatch.map((log) => log.timestamp)), end: Math.max(...logBatch.map((log) => log.timestamp)) }
return { batchId: `${timeRange.start}-${timeRange.end}`, totalEntries: logBatch.length, errorCount, warnCount, infoCount, timeRange, sources: [...new Set(logBatch.map((log) => log.source))] } })
yield* PubSub.publish(logPubSub, { timestamp: 1, level: "info", message: "ready", source: "app" } satisfies LogEntry) return analysisChannel})const log = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(logAggregator, Channel.runHead))const result = await Effect.runPromise(log)Option.map(result, (batch) => [batch.batchId, batch.totalEntries, batch.infoCount]) // => Option.some(["1-1", 1, 1])fromPubSubTake
Subscribes to a PubSub of Take values and exposes them as a channel.
Details
Output Take values are emitted as non-empty arrays. Failed Take values
fail the channel. Done Take values complete the channel.
Signature
declare function fromPubSubTake<A, E, Done>(pubsub: PubSub<Take<A, E, Done>>): Channel<readonly [A, A], E, Done>Creates a Channel from an Effect that produces a Pull.
Signature
declare function fromPull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, EX, EnvX, Env>(effect: Effect<Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, EnvX>, EX, Env>): Channel<OutElem, EX | Exclude<OutErr, Done<any>>, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, EnvX | Env>Example
(Creating channels from pulls)
import { Cause, Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.fromPull(Effect.sync(() => { let emitted = false return Effect.suspend(() => { if (emitted) return Cause.done() emitted = true return Effect.succeed(42) })}))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [42]Creates a channel from a queue.
Signature
declare function fromQueue<A, E>(queue: Dequeue<A, E>): Channel<A, Exclude<E, Done<void>>>Example
(Creating channels from queues)
import { Cause, Channel, Effect, Queue } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() { const queue = yield* Queue.bounded<string, Cause.Done>(3) yield* Queue.offerAll(queue, ["item1", "item2", "item3"]) yield* Queue.end(queue) const channel = Channel.fromQueue(queue) return yield* Channel.runCollect(channel)})await Effect.runPromise(program) // => ["item1", "item2", "item3"]fromQueueArray
Creates a channel from a queue that emits arrays of elements.
Signature
declare function fromQueueArray<A, E>(queue: Dequeue<A, E>): Channel<readonly [A, A], Exclude<E, Done<void>>>Example
(Creating batched channels from queues)
import { Cause, Channel, Effect, Queue } from "effect"
const program = Effect.gen(function*() { const queue = yield* Queue.bounded<number, Cause.Done>(4) yield* Queue.offerAll(queue, [1, 2, 3, 4]) yield* Queue.end(queue) const arrayChannel = Channel.fromQueueArray(queue) return yield* Channel.runCollect(arrayChannel)})await Effect.runPromise(program) // => [[1, 2, 3, 4]]fromReadableStream
Creates a channel from a lazily supplied Web ReadableStream.
Signature
declare function fromReadableStream<A, E>(options: { readonly evaluate: LazyArg<ReadableStream<A>>; readonly onError: (error: unknown) => E; readonly releaseLockOnEnd?: boolean;}): Channel<readonly [A, A], E>Example
(Reading from a Web stream)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.fromReadableStream({ evaluate: () => new ReadableStream({ start(controller) { controller.enqueue(1) controller.close() } }), onError: (cause) => new Error(String(cause))})
await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [[1]]fromSchedule
Creates a Channel from a Schedule.
Signature
declare function fromSchedule<O, E, R>(schedule: Schedule<O, unknown, E, R>): Channel<O, E, O, unknown, unknown, unknown, R>fromSubscription
Creates a channel from a PubSub subscription.
Signature
declare function fromSubscription<A>(subscription: Subscription<A>): Channel<A>Example
(Creating channels from subscriptions)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
class SubscriptionError extends Data.TaggedError("SubscriptionError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
const program = Effect.gen(function*() { // Create a PubSub const pubsub = yield* PubSub.bounded<string>(32)
// Create a subscription const subscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(pubsub)
// Publish some messages yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, "Hello") yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, "World") yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, "from") yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, "PubSub")
// Create a channel from the subscription const channel = Channel.fromSubscription(subscription)
// The channel will receive all published messages return channel})const result = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(program, Channel.runHead))await Effect.runPromise(result) // => Option.some("Hello")
// Real-time notifications exampleconst notificationChannel = Effect.gen(function*() { const eventBus = yield* PubSub.unbounded<{ type: string; payload: any }>() const userSubscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(eventBus)
return Channel.fromSubscription(userSubscription)})fromSubscriptionArray
Creates a channel from a PubSub subscription that outputs arrays of values.
Details
This constructor creates a channel that reads from a PubSub subscription and outputs arrays of values in chunks. It's useful when you want to process multiple values at once for better performance.
Signature
declare function fromSubscriptionArray<A>(subscription: Subscription<A>): Channel<readonly [A, A]>Example
(Batching subscription values)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
class StreamError extends Data.TaggedError("StreamError")<{ readonly message: string}> {}
const program = Effect.gen(function*() { const pubsub = yield* PubSub.bounded<number>(16) const subscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(pubsub)
// Create a channel that reads arrays of values const channel = Channel.fromSubscriptionArray(subscription)
// Publish some values yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 1) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 2) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 3) yield* PubSub.publish(pubsub, 4)
// The channel will output arrays like [1, 2, 3] and [4] return channel})const result = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(program, Channel.runHead))await Effect.runPromise(result) // => Option.some([1, 2, 3, 4])Example
(Processing subscription values in batches)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
class BatchProcessingError extends Data.TaggedError("BatchProcessingError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
const batchProcessor = Effect.gen(function*() { const pubsub = yield* PubSub.bounded<string>(32) const subscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(pubsub)
// Create a channel that processes items in batches const batchChannel = Channel.fromSubscriptionArray(subscription)
// Transform to process each batch const processedChannel = Channel.map(batchChannel, (batch) => batch.map((item) => item.toUpperCase()) )
yield* PubSub.publishAll(pubsub, ["one", "two"]) return processedChannel})const batch = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(batchProcessor, Channel.runHead))await Effect.runPromise(batch) // => Option.some(["ONE", "TWO"])Example
(Aggregating subscription metrics)
import { Channel, Effect, Option, PubSub } from "effect"
const metricsAggregator = Effect.gen(function*() { const metricsPubSub = yield* PubSub.bounded< { timestamp: number; value: number } >(100) const subscription = yield* PubSub.subscribe(metricsPubSub)
// Create a channel that collects metrics in chunks const metricsChannel = Channel.fromSubscriptionArray(subscription)
// Transform to calculate aggregate statistics const aggregatedChannel = Channel.map(metricsChannel, (metrics) => { const values = metrics.map((m) => m.value) const sum = values.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) const avg = sum / values.length const min = Math.min(...values) const max = Math.max(...values)
return { count: values.length, sum, average: avg, min, max, firstTimestamp: Math.min(...metrics.map((m) => m.timestamp)), lastTimestamp: Math.max(...metrics.map((m) => m.timestamp)) } })
yield* PubSub.publish(metricsPubSub, { timestamp: 1, value: 10 }) return aggregatedChannel})const metric = Effect.scoped(Effect.flatMap(metricsAggregator, Channel.runHead))const result = await Effect.runPromise(metric)Option.map(result, ({ count, sum, average, min, max }) => ({ count, sum, average, min, max })) // => Option.some({ count: 1, sum: 10, average: 10, min: 10, max: 10 })fromTransform
Creates a Channel from a transformation function that operates on upstream pulls.
Signature
declare function fromTransform<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, EX, EnvX, Env>(transform: (upstream: Pull<InElem, InErr, InDone>, scope: Scope) => Effect<Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, EnvX>, EX, Env>): Channel<OutElem, EX | Exclude<OutErr, Done<any>>, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, EnvX | Env>Example
(Creating channels from transforms)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.fromTransform((upstream, scope) => Effect.succeed(upstream))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => []fromTransformBracket
Creates a Channel from a transformation function that operates on upstream
pulls, but also provides a forked scope that closes when the resulting
Channel completes.
When to use
Use when building channels that require scoped resource lifecycle management, providing both the channel scope and a forked scope that automatically closes when the channel completes.
See
- fromTransform for a simpler transformation without a forked scope
Signature
declare function fromTransformBracket<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, EX, EnvX, Env>(f: (upstream: Pull<InElem, InErr, InDone>, scope: Scope, forkedScope: Scope) => Effect<Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, EnvX>, EX, Env>): Channel<OutElem, EX | Exclude<OutErr, Done<any>>, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, EnvX | Env>fromTransformStream
Creates a channel backed by a Web TransformStream, writing upstream values
while emitting transformed values from its readable side.
Signature
declare function fromTransformStream<IE, I, O, E>(options: { readonly closeOnDone?: boolean; readonly evaluate: LazyArg<TransformStream<I, O>>; readonly onError: (error: unknown) => E; readonly releaseLockOnEnd?: boolean;}): Channel<readonly [O, O], IE | E, void, readonly [I, I], IE>Example
(Transforming channel input)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const transform = Channel.fromTransformStream<never, number, number, Error>({ evaluate: () => new TransformStream({ transform(value, controller) { controller.enqueue(value * 2) } }), onError: (cause) => new Error(String(cause))})
const program = Channel.fromArray([[1, 2] as [number, number]]).pipe( Channel.pipeTo(transform), Channel.runCollect)
await Effect.runPromise(program) // => [[2], [4]]fromWritableStream
Creates a channel that writes upstream values to a lazily supplied Web
WritableStream.
Signature
declare function fromWritableStream<IE, E, A>(options: { readonly closeOnDone?: boolean; readonly evaluate: LazyArg<WritableStream<A>>; readonly onError: (error: unknown) => E;}): Channel<never, IE | E, void, readonly [A, A], IE>Example
(Writing channel input)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const written: Array<number> = []const sink = Channel.fromWritableStream<never, Error, number>({ evaluate: () => new WritableStream({ write(value) { written.push(value) } }), onError: (cause) => new Error(String(cause))})
const program = Channel.fromArray([[1, 2] as [number, number]]).pipe( Channel.pipeTo(sink), Channel.runDrain)
await Effect.runPromise(program)written // => [1, 2]Creates a channel that forwards upstream input elements, input errors, and the upstream done value unchanged.
Signature
declare function identity<Elem, Err, Done>(): Channel<Elem, Err, Done, Elem, Err, Done>Represents a Channel that never completes.
Signature
declare const never: Channel<never, never, never>Example
(Creating non-terminating channels)
import { Channel } from "effect"
// Create a channel that never completesconst neverChannel = Channel.never
// Use in conditional logicconst withFallback = Channel.concatWith( neverChannel, () => Channel.succeed("fallback"))
// Never channel is useful for testing or as a placeholderconst conditionalChannel = (shouldComplete: boolean) => shouldComplete ? Channel.succeed("done") : Channel.never
Channel.isChannel(conditionalChannel(false)) // => trueCreates a Channel that emits a single value and then ends.
Signature
declare function succeed<A>(value: A): Channel<A>Example
(Creating channels that succeed)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.succeed(42)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [42]Creates a Channel that lazily evaluates to another channel.
Signature
declare function suspend<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(evaluate: LazyArg<Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Example
(Suspending channel creation)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.suspend(() => Channel.succeed(42))Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [42]Creates a Channel that emits a single value computed by a lazy evaluation.
Signature
declare function sync<A>(evaluate: LazyArg<A>): Channel<A>Example
(Computing values lazily)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
let requests = 0
const channel = Channel.sync(() => { requests += 1 return `request-${requests}`})Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => ["request-1"]transformPull
Transforms a Channel by applying a function to its Pull implementation.
Signature
declare function transformPull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, Env2, OutErrX, EnvX>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (pull: Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>, scope: Scope) => Effect<Pull<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, Env2>, OutErrX, EnvX>): Channel<OutElem2, OutErrX | Exclude<OutErr2, Done<any>>, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2 | EnvX>Example
(Transforming pull behavior)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Transform a channel by modifying its pull behaviorconst originalChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
const transformedChannel = Channel.transformPull( originalChannel, (pull, scope) => Effect.succeed( Effect.map(pull, (value) => value * 2) ))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(transformedChannel)) // => [2, 4, 6]Constructs a Channel from a scoped effect that will result in a
Channel if successful.
Signature
declare function unwrap<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R2, E, R>(channel: Effect<Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R2>, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R2 | Exclude<R, Scope>>Example
(Unwrapping channel effects)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class UnwrapError extends Data.TaggedError("UnwrapError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create an effect that produces a channelconst channelEffect = Effect.succeed( Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3]))
// Unwrap the effect to get the channelconst unwrappedChannel = Channel.unwrap(channelEffect)
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(unwrappedChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3]Decoding
decodeText
Decodes incoming Uint8Array chunks into strings using TextDecoder.
Details
Input chunks are decoded with streaming enabled so multi-byte characters may
span Uint8Array boundaries. The optional encoding and options are
passed to TextDecoder.
Signature
declare function decodeText<Err, Done>(encoding?: string, options?: TextDecoderOptions): Channel<readonly [string, string], Err, Done, readonly [Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>, Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>], Err, Done>Destructors
runIntoPubSub
Runs a channel and publishes each output element to a PubSub.
Details
The channel's output values are published as individual PubSub messages. Use
options.shutdownOnEnd to shut down the PubSub when channel execution ends.
Signature
declare const runIntoPubSub: { <OutElem>(pubsub: PubSub<OutElem>, options?: { readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; }): <OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<void, never, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, pubsub: PubSub<OutElem>, options?: { readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; }): Effect<void, never, Env>;}runIntoPubSubArray
Runs an array-emitting channel and publishes each array element to a
PubSub.
Details
Each element inside emitted non-empty arrays is published as an individual
PubSub message. Use options.shutdownOnEnd to shut down the PubSub when
channel execution ends.
Signature
declare const runIntoPubSubArray: { <OutElem>(pubsub: PubSub<OutElem>, options?: { readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; }): <OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<OutDone, OutErr, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, pubsub: PubSub<OutElem>, options?: { readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; }): Effect<OutDone, OutErr, Env>;}runIntoQueue
Runs a channel and offers each output element into a queue.
Details
When the channel completes, the queue is ended. When the channel fails, the
queue is failed with the channel's cause. The returned effect itself
completes with void.
Signature
declare const runIntoQueue: { <OutElem, OutErr>(queue: Queue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>): <OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<void, never, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, queue: Queue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>): Effect<void, never, Env>;}runIntoQueueArray
Runs a channel that emits non-empty arrays and offers each array element into a queue.
Details
When the channel completes, the queue is ended. When the channel fails, the
queue is failed with the channel's cause. The returned effect itself
completes with void.
Signature
declare const runIntoQueueArray: { <OutElem, OutErr>(queue: Queue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>): <OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<void, never, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, queue: Queue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>): Effect<void, never, Env>;}Converts a channel to a PubSub for concurrent consumption.
Details
shutdownOnEnd indicates whether the PubSub should be shut down when the
channel ends. By default this is true.
Signature
declare const toPubSub: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<PubSub<OutElem>, never, Scope | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Effect<PubSub<OutElem>, never, Scope | Env>;}toPubSubArray
Converts an array-emitting channel to a scoped PubSub for concurrent
consumption.
Details
Each element inside emitted non-empty arrays is published as an individual
PubSub message. shutdownOnEnd indicates whether the PubSub should be shut
down when the channel ends. By default this is true.
Signature
declare const toPubSubArray: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<PubSub<OutElem>, never, Scope | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly replay?: number; readonly shutdownOnEnd?: boolean; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Effect<PubSub<OutElem>, never, Scope | Env>;}toPubSubTake
Converts a channel to a scoped PubSub of Take values.
Details
Emitted non-empty arrays are published as output Take values. When the
channel ends, its final Exit is published so subscribers can observe
completion or failure.
Signature
declare const toPubSubTake: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; readonly replay?: number; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly replay?: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutDone, OutDone], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<PubSub<Take<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>>, never, Scope | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; readonly replay?: number; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly replay?: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Effect<PubSub<Take<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>>, never, Scope | Env>;}Converts a channel to a scoped Pull for low-level consumption.
Details
The effect requires a Scope. The returned pull should be consumed only
while that scope remains open. Pulls are serialized so only one pull is
evaluated at a time.
Signature
declare const toPull: <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect.Effect<Pull.Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>, never, Env | Scope.Scope>Example
(Converting channels to pulls)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class PullError extends Data.TaggedError("PullError")<{ readonly step: string}> {}
// Create a channelconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
const program = Effect.scoped(Effect.gen(function*() { const pull = yield* Channel.toPull(numbersChannel) return [yield* pull, yield* pull, yield* pull]}))await Effect.runPromise(program) // => [1, 2, 3]toPullScoped
Converts a channel to a Pull within an existing scope.
Signature
declare function toPullScoped<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, scope: Scope): Effect<Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>, never, Env>Example
(Converting channels to scoped pulls)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Scope } from "effect"
class ScopedPullError extends Data.TaggedError("ScopedPullError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create a channelconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Convert to Pull with explicit scopeconst scopedPullEffect = Effect.gen(function*() { const scope = yield* Effect.scope const pull = yield* Channel.toPullScoped(numbersChannel, scope) return [yield* pull, yield* pull, yield* pull]})await Effect.runPromise(Effect.scoped(scopedPullEffect)) // => [1, 2, 3]Creates a scoped queue and forks the channel to feed it for concurrent consumption.
Details
Output elements are offered to the queue. Channel completion and failure are signaled through the queue. The queue is shut down when the surrounding scope closes.
Signature
declare const toQueue: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<Dequeue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>, never, Scope | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Effect<Dequeue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>, never, Scope | Env>;}Example
(Converting channels to queues)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Queue } from "effect"
class QueueError extends Data.TaggedError("QueueError")<{ readonly operation: string}> {}
// Create a channel with dataconst dataChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
// Convert to queue for concurrent processingconst program = Effect.scoped(Effect.gen(function*() { const queue = yield* Channel.toQueue(dataChannel, { capacity: 32 }) return yield* Queue.takeBetween(queue, 5, 5)}))await Effect.runPromise(program) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]toQueueArray
Creates a scoped queue and forks an array-emitting channel to feed it.
Details
Each element inside emitted non-empty arrays is offered to the queue. Channel completion and failure are signaled through the queue. The queue is shut down when the surrounding scope closes.
Signature
declare const toQueueArray: { (options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<Dequeue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>, never, Scope | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, options: { readonly capacity: "unbounded"; } | { readonly capacity: number; readonly strategy?: "dropping" | "sliding" | "suspend"; }): Effect<Dequeue<OutElem, Done<void> | OutErr>, never, Scope | Env>;}toTransform
Converts a Channel back to its underlying transformation function.
Signature
declare function toTransform<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(channel: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): (upstream: Pull<InElem, InErr, InDone>, scope: Scope) => Effect<Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, never>, never, Env>Example
(Extracting channel transforms)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.succeed(42)const transform = Channel.toTransform(channel)typeof transform // => "function"Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [42]Encoding
encodeText
Encodes incoming string chunks into Uint8Array values using TextEncoder.
Details
Each string inside an emitted array is encoded independently.
Signature
declare function encodeText<Err, Done>(): Channel<readonly [Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>, Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>], Err, Done, readonly [string, string], Err, Done>Error Handling
catchCause
Catches any cause of failure from the channel and allows recovery by creating a new channel based on the caught cause.
Signature
declare const catchCause: { <OutErr, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(f: (d: Cause<OutErr>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1, OutDone1 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: Cause<OutErr>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Recovering from failure causes)
import { Cause, Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class ProcessError extends Data.TaggedError("ProcessError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
class RecoveryError extends Data.TaggedError("RecoveryError")<{ readonly message: string}> {}
// Create a failing channelconst failingChannel = Channel.fail( new ProcessError({ reason: "network error" }))
// Catch the cause and provide recoveryconst recoveredChannel = Channel.catchCause(failingChannel, (cause) => { if (Cause.hasFails(cause)) { return Channel.succeed("Recovered from failure") } return Channel.succeed("Recovered from interruption")})
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(recoveredChannel)) // => ["Recovered from failure"]catchCauseFilter
Recovers from channel failures whose full Cause is selected by a Filter.
When to use
Use when you need to recover a channel only from causes selected by a
Filter, while giving the recovery both the selected value and the original
Cause.
Details
When the filter succeeds, the recovery function receives the selected value and the original cause. When the filter fails, the returned channel fails with the residual cause produced by the filter.
See
- catchCauseIf for selecting causes with a predicate
- catchFilter for selecting typed errors with a
Filter - catchCause for recovering from every cause
Signature
declare const catchCauseFilter: { <OutErr, EB, X extends Cause<any>, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(filter: Filter<Cause<OutErr>, EB, X>, f: (failure: EB, cause: Cause<OutErr>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1 | Error<X>, OutDone1 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, EB, X extends Cause<any>, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, filter: Filter<Cause<OutErr>, EB, X>, f: (failure: EB, cause: Cause<OutErr>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr1 | Error<X>, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}catchCauseIf
Catches causes of failure that match a specific filter, allowing conditional error recovery based on the type of failure.
When to use
Use to recover a channel only when its full Cause satisfies a boolean
predicate.
Details
When the predicate matches, the recovery function receives the original cause. When it does not match, the returned channel fails with the original cause.
See
- catchCauseFilter for selecting causes with a
Filter - catchCause for recovering from every cause
- catchIf for recovering from typed channel errors
Signature
declare const catchCauseIf: { <OutErr, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(predicate: Predicate<Cause<OutErr>>, f: (cause: Cause<OutErr>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone1 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, predicate: Predicate<Cause<OutErr>>, f: (cause: Cause<OutErr>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}catchFilter
Recovers from typed channel errors selected by a Filter.
When to use
Use to recover from channel errors with a reusable Filter when matching
can also narrow or transform the error before choosing the recovery channel.
Details
Successful filter results are handled by the recovery function. Failed
filter results are handled by orElse when provided. Without orElse,
failed filter results are re-failed.
See
- catchIf for selecting typed errors with a predicate
- catchTag for selecting tagged typed errors
- catchCauseFilter for selecting full causes with a
Filter
Signature
declare const catchFilter: { <OutErr, EB, X, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(filter: Filter<OutErr, EB, X>, f: (failure: EB) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (failure: X) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? X : never, OutDone1 | OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env1 | Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, EB, X, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, filter: Filter<OutErr, EB, X>, f: (failure: EB) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (failure: X) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1 | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? X : never, OutDone | OutDone1 | OutDone2, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env | Env1 | Env2>;}Recovers from typed channel errors that match a predicate or refinement.
When to use
Use to recover from typed channel errors when a predicate or refinement selects the failures that should switch to a recovery channel.
Details
Matching errors are handled by the recovery function. Non-matching errors
are handled by orElse when provided. Without orElse, non-matching errors
are re-failed.
See
- catch for recovering from every typed channel error
- catchFilter for selecting typed errors with a
Filter - catchTag for selecting tagged typed errors
- catchCauseFilter for selecting full causes with a
Filter
Signature
declare const catchIf: { <OutErr, EB, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(refinement: Refinement<OutErr, EB>, f: (failure: EB) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (failure: Exclude<OutErr, EB>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? Exclude<OutErr, EB> : never, OutDone1 | OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env1 | Env2 | Env>; <OutErr, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(predicate: Predicate<OutErr>, f: (failure: OutErr) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (failure: OutErr) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? OutErr : never, OutDone1 | OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env1 | Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, EB, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, refinement: Refinement<OutErr, EB>, f: (failure: EB) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (failure: Exclude<OutErr, EB>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1 | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? Exclude<OutErr, EB> : never, OutDone | OutDone1 | OutDone2, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env | Env1 | Env2>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, predicate: Predicate<OutErr>, f: (failure: OutErr) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (failure: OutErr) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1 | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? OutErr : never, OutDone | OutDone1 | OutDone2, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env | Env1 | Env2>;}catchReason
Catches a specific reason within a tagged error.
Signature
declare const catchReason: { <OutErr, K extends string, RK extends string, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(errorTag: K, reasonTag: RK, f: (reason: ExtractReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>, error: NarrowReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (reason: ExcludeReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>, error: OmitReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<OutErr, K> : never, OutDone1 | OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env1 | Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, K extends string, RK extends string, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, errorTag: K, reasonTag: RK, f: (reason: ExtractReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>, error: NarrowReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (reason: ExcludeReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>, error: OmitReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1 | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<OutErr, K> : never, OutDone | OutDone1 | OutDone2, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env | Env1 | Env2>;}Example
(Recovering from nested reasons)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class RateLimitError extends Data.TaggedError("RateLimitError")<{ retryAfter: number}> {}
class QuotaExceededError extends Data.TaggedError("QuotaExceededError")<{ limit: number}> {}
class AiError extends Data.TaggedError("AiError")<{ reason: RateLimitError | QuotaExceededError}> {}
const reason = new RateLimitError({ retryAfter: 60 })const channel = Channel.fail(new AiError({ reason }))
const recovered = channel.pipe( Channel.catchReason("AiError", "RateLimitError", (reason) => Channel.succeed(`retry: ${reason.retryAfter}`) ))Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(recovered)) // => ["retry: 60"]catchReasons
Catches multiple reasons within a tagged error using an object of handlers.
Signature
declare const catchReasons: { <K extends string, OutErr, Cases extends { [RK in string]: (reason: ExtractReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>, error: NarrowReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, RK>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, any, any, any> }, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(errorTag: K, cases: Cases, orElse?: (reason: ExcludeReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, Extract<keyof Cases, string>>, error: OmitReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, Extract<keyof Cases, string>>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned> | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<OutElem1, any, any, any, any, any, any> ? OutElem1 : never }[keyof Cases], OutErr2 | Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<OutErr, K> : never | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, OutErr1, any, any, any, any, any> ? OutErr1 : never }[keyof Cases], OutDone2 | OutDone | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, OutDone1, any, any, any, any> ? OutDone1 : never }[keyof Cases], InElem & InElem2 & { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, InElem1, any, any, any> ? InElem1 : never }[keyof Cases], InErr & InErr2 & { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, InErr1, any, any> ? InErr1 : never }[keyof Cases], InDone & InDone2 & { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, any, InDone1, any> ? InDone1 : never }[keyof Cases], Env2 | Env | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, any, any, Env1> ? Env1 : never }[keyof Cases]>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, K extends string, Cases extends { [RK in string]: (reason: ExtractReason<ExtractTag<OutErr, K>, RK>, error: NarrowReason<ExtractTag<OutErr, K>, RK>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, any, any, any> }, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, errorTag: K, cases: Cases, orElse?: (reason: ExcludeReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, Extract<keyof Cases, string>>, error: OmitReason<ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K>, Extract<keyof Cases, string>>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned> | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<OutElem1, any, any, any, any, any, any> ? OutElem1 : never }[keyof Cases], OutErr2 | Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? ExtractTag<OutErr, K> : never | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, OutErr1, any, any, any, any, any> ? OutErr1 : never }[keyof Cases], OutDone | OutDone2 | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, OutDone1, any, any, any, any> ? OutDone1 : never }[keyof Cases], InElem & InElem2 & { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, InElem1, any, any, any> ? InElem1 : never }[keyof Cases], InErr & InErr2 & { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, InErr1, any, any> ? InErr1 : never }[keyof Cases], InDone & InDone2 & { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, any, InDone1, any> ? InDone1 : never }[keyof Cases], Env | Env2 | { [RK in string | number | symbol]: Cases[RK] extends (...args: Array<any>) => Channel<any, any, any, any, any, any, Env1> ? Env1 : never }[keyof Cases]>;}Recovers from tagged channel errors whose _tag matches one or more tags.
Details
Matching tagged errors are handled by the recovery function. Non-matching
errors are handled by orElse when provided. Without orElse,
non-matching errors are re-failed.
Signature
declare const catchTag: { <OutErr, K extends string | readonly [Tags<OutErr>, Tags<OutErr>], OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(k: K, f: (e: ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K extends readonly [string, string] ? K[number] : K>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (e: Exclude<NoInfer<OutErr>, { readonly _tag: K; }>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> : never, OutDone1 | OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env1 | Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, K extends string | readonly [Tags<OutErr>, Tags<OutErr>], OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1, OutElem2 = unassigned, OutErr2 = never, OutDone2 = never, InElem2 = unknown, InErr2 = unknown, InDone2 = unknown, Env2 = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, k: K, f: (e: ExtractTag<NoInfer<OutErr>, K extends readonly [string, string] ? K[number] : K>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, orElse?: (e: Exclude<NoInfer<OutErr>, { readonly _tag: K; }>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1 | Exclude<OutElem2, unassigned>, OutErr1 | OutErr2 | OutElem2 extends unassigned ? Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> : never, OutDone | OutDone1 | OutDone2, InElem & InElem1 & InElem2, InErr & InErr1 & InErr2, InDone & InDone1 & InDone2, Env | Env1 | Env2>;}Ignores all errors in the channel, converting them to an empty channel.
Details
Use the log option to emit the full Cause when the channel fails.
Signature
declare const ignore: <Arg extends Channel<any, any, any, any, any, any, any> | { readonly log?: boolean | Severity;} | undefined = { readonly log?: boolean | Severity;}>(selfOrOptions: Arg, options?: { readonly log?: boolean | Severity;}) => [Arg] extends [Channel<infer OutElem, infer _OutErr, infer OutDone, infer InElem, infer InErr, infer InDone, infer Env>] ? Channel<OutElem, never, OutDone | void, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env> : <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, never, OutDone | void, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>ignoreCause
Ignores all errors in the channel including defects, converting them to an empty channel.
When to use
Use when a channel should become best-effort and all failure causes, including defects and interruptions, can be converted to empty output.
Details
Use the log option to emit the full Cause when the channel fails.
Signature
declare const ignoreCause: <Arg extends Channel<any, any, any, any, any, any, any> | { readonly log?: boolean | Severity;} | undefined = { readonly log?: boolean | Severity;}>(selfOrOptions: Arg, options?: { readonly log?: boolean | Severity;}) => [Arg] extends [Channel<infer OutElem, infer _OutErr, infer OutDone, infer InElem, infer InErr, infer InDone, infer Env>] ? Channel<OutElem, never, OutDone | void, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env> : <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, never, OutDone | void, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Returns a new channel, which is the same as this one, except the failure value of the returned channel is created by applying the specified function to the failure value of this channel.
Signature
declare const mapError: { <OutErr, OutErr2>(f: (err: OutErr) => OutErr2): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr2, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutErr2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (err: OutErr) => OutErr2): Channel<OutElem, OutErr2, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Attaches a finalizer that runs only when the channel exits with failure.
Details
The finalizer receives the failure Cause. The original channel failure is
preserved. The finalizer itself must not fail.
Signature
declare const onError: { <OutDone, OutErr, Env2>(finalizer: (cause: Cause<OutErr>) => Effect<unknown, never, Env2>): <OutElem, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, finalizer: (cause: Cause<OutErr>) => Effect<unknown, never, Env2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}Converts all errors in the channel to defects (unrecoverable failures). This is useful when you want to treat errors as programming errors.
Signature
declare function orDie<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): Channel<OutElem, never, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Example
(Converting failures to defects)
import { Cause, Channel, Data, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
class ValidationError extends Data.TaggedError("ValidationError")<{ readonly field: string}> {}
// Create a channel that might failconst error = new ValidationError({ field: "email" })const failingChannel = Channel.fail(error)
// Convert failures to defectsconst fatalChannel = Channel.orDie(failingChannel)
Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(fatalChannel))) // => Exit.failCause(Cause.die(error))Returns a new channel that retries this channel according to the specified schedule whenever it fails.
Signature
declare const retry: { <SO, OutErr, SE, SR>(schedule: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutErr>, SE, SR> | ($: <SO, SE, SR>(_: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutErr>, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, OutErr, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutErr>, SE, SR>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr | SE, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, SR | Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr | SE, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, SR | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, SO, SE, SR>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, schedule: Schedule<SO, OutErr, SE, SR> | ($: <SO, SE, SR>(_: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutErr>, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, OutErr, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutErr>, SE, SR>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | SE, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | SR>;}Runs an effect with the full failure Cause when the channel fails, then
fails the returned channel with the original cause.
When to use
Use when observing the full channel failure Cause is needed without
changing successful output or replacing the original cause.
Details
Use this for observing failures, such as logging or metrics. If the observer effect fails, that failure can fail the returned channel.
Signature
declare const tapCause: { <OutErr, A, E, R>(f: (d: Cause<OutErr>) => Effect<A, E, R>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, void | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, A, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: Cause<OutErr>) => Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, void | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Runs an effect when the channel fails with a typed error, then preserves the original channel failure.
Details
The effect is not run for normal channel completion. If the observer effect fails, that failure can fail the returned channel.
Signature
declare const tapError: { <OutErr, A, E, R>(f: (d: OutErr) => Effect<A, E, R>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, void | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, A, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: OutErr) => Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, void | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}unwrapReason
Promotes nested reason errors into the channel error, replacing the parent error.
Signature
declare const unwrapReason: { <K extends string, OutErr>(errorTag: K): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> | ReasonOf<ExtractTag<OutErr, K>>, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, K extends string>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, errorTag: K): Channel<OutElem, Exclude<OutErr, { readonly _tag: K; }> | ReasonOf<ExtractTag<OutErr, K>>, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Example
(Promoting nested reasons)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
class RateLimitError extends Data.TaggedError("RateLimitError")<{ retryAfter: number}> {}
class QuotaExceededError extends Data.TaggedError("QuotaExceededError")<{ limit: number}> {}
class AiError extends Data.TaggedError("AiError")<{ reason: RateLimitError | QuotaExceededError}> {}
const reason = new RateLimitError({ retryAfter: 60 })const channel = Channel.fail(new AiError({ reason }))
const unwrapped = channel.pipe(Channel.unwrapReason("AiError"))Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(unwrapped))) // => Exit.fail(reason)Filtering
Filters the output elements of a channel using a predicate function. Elements that don't match the predicate are discarded.
Signature
declare const filter: { <OutElem, B>(refinement: Refinement<OutElem, B>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<B, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem>(predicate: Predicate<OutElem>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, B>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, refinement: Refinement<OutElem, B>): Channel<B, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, predicate: Predicate<OutElem>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Example
(Filtering channel output)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create a channel with mixed numbersconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
// Filter to keep only even numbersconst evenChannel = Channel.filter(numbersChannel, (n) => n % 2 === 0)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(evenChannel)) // => [2, 4, 6, 8]
// Filter with type refinementconst mixedChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, "hello", 2, "world", 3])const numbersOnlyChannel = Channel.filter( mixedChannel, (value): value is number => typeof value === "number")Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(numbersOnlyChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3]filterArray
Filters arrays of elements emitted by a channel, applying the filter to each element within the arrays and only emitting non-empty filtered arrays.
Signature
declare const filterArray: { <OutElem, B>(refinement: Refinement<OutElem, B>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<readonly [B, B], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem>(predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<OutElem>>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, B>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, refinement: Refinement<OutElem, B>): Channel<readonly [B, B], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, predicate: Predicate<NoInfer<OutElem>>): Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Example
(Filtering array output)
import { Array, Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const nonEmptyArrayPredicate = Array.isReadonlyArrayNonEmpty
// Create a channel that outputs arrays of mixed dataconst arrayChannel = Channel.fromIterable([ Array.make(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), Array.make(6, 7, 8, 9, 10), Array.make(11, 12, 13, 14, 15)]).pipe(Channel.filter(nonEmptyArrayPredicate))
// Filter arrays to keep only even numbersconst evenArraysChannel = Channel.filterArray(arrayChannel, (n) => n % 2 === 0)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(evenArraysChannel)) // => [[2, 4], [6, 8, 10], [12, 14]]// Note: Only non-empty filtered arrays are emitted
// Arrays that would become empty after filtering are discarded entirelyconst oddChannel = Channel.fromIterable([ Array.make(1, 3, 5), Array.make(2, 4), Array.make(7, 9)]).pipe(Channel.filter(nonEmptyArrayPredicate))const filteredOddChannel = Channel.filterArray(oddChannel, (n) => n % 2 === 0)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(filteredOddChannel)) // => [[2, 4]]filterArrayEffect
Filters each element inside emitted non-empty arrays with an effectful predicate.
When to use
Use when filtering array-valued channel outputs requires Effects or services, and arrays that become empty should be skipped.
Details
The predicate receives the element and its index within the array. Elements
for which the predicate succeeds with true are kept. Arrays that become
empty are discarded. Predicate failures fail the returned channel.
Signature
declare const filterArrayEffect: { <OutElem, E, R>(predicate: (a: NoInfer<OutElem>, index: number) => Effect<boolean, E, R>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, E, R>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, predicate: (a: NoInfer<OutElem>, index: number) => Effect<boolean, E, R>): Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}filterEffect
Filters output elements with an effectful predicate.
When to use
Use when the keep/discard decision depends on an Effect or service and predicate failures should fail the returned channel.
Details
Elements for which the predicate succeeds with true are emitted. Elements
for which the predicate succeeds with false are discarded. Predicate
failures fail the returned channel.
Signature
declare const filterEffect: { <OutElem, E, R>(predicate: (a: OutElem) => Effect<boolean, E, R>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, predicate: (a: OutElem) => Effect<boolean, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Filters and maps output elements using a Filter.
When to use
Use to keep only channel output elements accepted by a Filter and emit
each filter success value.
Details
Successful filter results are emitted as mapped values. Failed filter results are discarded. The source channel's errors and done value are preserved.
See
- filter for keeping original output elements with a predicate
- filterMapEffect for using an effectful
Filter - filterMapArray for filtering arrays of output elements
Signature
declare const filterMap: { <OutElem, B, X>(filter: Filter<OutElem, B, X>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<B, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, B, X>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, filter: Filter<OutElem, B, X>): Channel<B, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}filterMapArray
Filters and maps each element inside emitted non-empty arrays using a
Filter.
Details
Successful filter results are kept as mapped values. Failed filter results are removed from the array. Arrays that become empty are discarded.
Signature
declare const filterMapArray: { <OutElem, B, X>(filter: Filter<NoInfer<OutElem>, B, X>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<readonly [B, B], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, B, X>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, filter: Filter<OutElem, B, X>): Channel<readonly [B, B], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}filterMapArrayEffect
Filters and maps each element inside emitted non-empty arrays using an
effectful Filter.
When to use
Use when array-valued channel outputs need an effectful filter-map that can fail and can discard arrays that become empty.
Details
Successful filter results are kept as mapped values. Failed filter results are removed from the array. Arrays that become empty are discarded. Failures from the effectful filter fail the returned channel.
Signature
declare const filterMapArrayEffect: { <OutElem, B, X, EX, RX>(filter: FilterEffect<NoInfer<OutElem>, B, X, EX, RX>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<readonly [B, B], EX | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, RX | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, B, X, EX, RX>(self: Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, filter: FilterEffect<OutElem, B, X, EX, RX>): Channel<readonly [B, B], OutErr | EX, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | RX>;}filterMapEffect
Filters and maps output elements using an effectful Filter.
When to use
Use to apply effectful logic that can discard channel output elements and emit transformed values for the elements that pass.
Details
Successful filter results are emitted as mapped values. Failed filter results are discarded. Failures from the effectful filter fail the returned channel.
See
- filterMap for using a synchronous
Filter - filterEffect for effectfully keeping original output elements
- mapEffect for effectfully transforming every output element
- filterMapArrayEffect for effectful filtering of array outputs
Signature
declare const filterMapEffect: { <OutElem, B, X, EX, RX>(filter: FilterEffect<OutElem, B, X, EX, RX>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<B, EX | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, RX | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, B, X, EX, RX>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, filter: FilterEffect<OutElem, B, X, EX, RX>): Channel<B, OutErr | EX, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | RX>;}Guards
Checks whether a value is a Channel.
Signature
declare function isChannel(u: unknown): u is Channel<unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown, unknown>Example
(Checking for channels)
import { Channel } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.succeed(42)Channel.isChannel(channel) // => trueChannel.isChannel("not a channel") // => falseHooks
Runs an effect when the channel completes successfully.
Details
The effect runs before the original done value is propagated. The effect is not run when the channel fails. If the effect fails, the returned channel fails with that error.
Signature
declare const onEnd: { <A, E, R>(onEnd: Effect<A, E, R>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, A, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, onEnd: Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Runs an effect the first time the channel emits an output element.
When to use
Use when initialization depends on the first output element rather than only on channel startup.
Details
The effect receives the first emitted element. The first element is still emitted unchanged. The effect is not run if the channel completes without emitting an element.
Signature
declare const onFirst: { <OutElem, A, E, R>(onFirst: (element: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<A, E, R>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, A, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, onFirst: (element: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Runs an effect before the channel starts.
Details
The effect's successful value is ignored. If the effect fails, the returned channel fails before running the source channel.
Signature
declare const onStart: { <A, E, R>(onStart: Effect<A, E, R>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, A, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, onStart: Effect<A, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Interruption
Stops a channel when the specified effect completes or fails.
Details
If the effect completes before the channel is done, its success value becomes the returned channel's done value. If the effect fails, the returned channel fails with that error. If the channel completes first, the channel's done value is preserved.
Signature
declare const haltWhen: { <OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>(effect: Effect<OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr2 | OutErr, OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, effect: Effect<OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | OutErr2, OutDone | OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}interruptWhen
Interrupts a channel when another effect completes.
When to use
Use to race channel execution against an external effect whose success can become the channel's done value.
Details
If the effect completes first, its success value becomes the returned channel's done value. If the channel completes first, the original channel's done value is preserved.
Signature
declare const interruptWhen: { <OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>(effect: Effect<OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr2 | OutErr, OutDone2 | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, effect: Effect<OutDone2, OutErr2, Env2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | OutErr2, OutDone | OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}Mapping
Wraps each output element in an object under the specified field name.
When to use
Use when you need to start a Channel Do-notation chain from an existing output value by assigning that value to a field name.
See
Signature
declare const bindTo: { <N extends string>(name: N): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<{ [K in string]: OutElem }, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, N extends string>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, name: N): Channel<{ [K in string]: OutElem }, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Models
A Channel is a nexus of I/O operations, which supports both reading and
writing. A channel may read values of type InElem and write values of type
OutElem. When the channel finishes, it yields a value of type OutDone. A
channel may fail with a value of type OutErr.
Details
Channels are the foundation of Streams: both streams and sinks are built on channels. Most users shouldn't have to use channels directly, as streams and sinks are much more convenient and cover all common use cases. However, when adding new stream and sink operators, or doing something highly specialized, it may be useful to use channels directly.
Channels compose in a variety of ways:
- Piping: One channel can be piped to another channel, assuming the input type of the second is the same as the output type of the first.
- Sequencing: The terminal value of one channel can be used to create another channel, and both the first channel and the function that makes the second channel can be composed into a channel.
- Concatenating: The output of one channel can be used to create other channels, which are all concatenated together. The first channel and the function that makes the other channels can be composed into a channel.
Signature
interface Channel<out OutElem, out OutErr = never, out OutDone = void, in InElem = unknown, in InErr = unknown, in InDone = unknown, out Env = never> extends Variance<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, Pipeable { [ignoreSymbol]?: ChannelUnifyIgnore; [typeSymbol]?: unknown; [unifySymbol]?: ChannelUnify<Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>>;}Example
(Typing channels)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// A channel that outputs numbers and requires no environmenttype NumberChannel = Channel.Channel<number>
// A channel that outputs strings, can fail with Error, completes with booleantype StringChannel = Channel.Channel<string, Error, boolean>
// A channel with all type parameters specifiedtype FullChannel = Channel.Channel< string, // OutElem - output elements Error, // OutErr - output errors number, // OutDone - completion value number, // InElem - input elements string, // InErr - input errors boolean, // InDone - input completion { db: string } // Env - required environment>
const channel: NumberChannel = Channel.succeed(1)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(channel)) // => [1]ChannelUnify interface
Type-level unification support for Channel values.
Details
This preserves all Channel type parameters when Unify normalizes unions
or generic return types that include channels. Users normally do not need to
reference this interface directly.
Signature
interface ChannelUnify<A extends { [typeSymbol]?: any;}> extends EffectUnify<A> { Channel?: () => A[typeof typeSymbol] extends Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env> | _ ? Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env> : never;}ChannelUnifyIgnore interface
Marker used by Unify while resolving Channel values.
Details
It prevents the inherited Effect unifier from being selected when the
channel-specific unifier should preserve Channel input, output, and
environment type parameters. Users normally do not need to reference this
interface directly.
Signature
interface ChannelUnifyIgnore { Effect?: true;}HaltStrategy type
Represents strategies for halting merged channels when one completes or fails.
Signature
type HaltStrategy = "left" | "right" | "both" | "either"Example
(Choosing merge halt strategies)
import { Channel } from "effect"
// Different halt strategies for channel mergingconst strategies: Array<Channel.HaltStrategy> = ["left", "right", "both", "either"] // => ["left", "right", "both", "either"]Phantom variance marker for the type parameters of Channel.
Details
Output element, output error, output done, and environment types are covariant. Input element, input error, and input done types are contravariant. This is type-level machinery and is not used directly at runtime.
Signature
interface Variance<out OutElem, out OutErr, out OutDone, in InElem, in InErr, in InDone, out Env> { readonly "~effect/Channel": VarianceStruct<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}VarianceStruct interface
Structural encoding used by Variance to record each Channel type
parameter's variance.
Details
The _OutElem, _OutErr, _OutDone, and _Env fields are covariant; the
_InElem, _InErr, and _InDone fields are contravariant. Users normally
do not need to reference this interface directly.
Signature
interface VarianceStruct<out OutElem, out OutErr, out OutDone, in InElem, in InErr, in InDone, out Env> { _Env: Covariant<Env>; _InDone: Contravariant<InDone>; _InElem: Contravariant<InElem>; _InErr: Contravariant<InErr>; _OutDone: Covariant<OutDone>; _OutElem: Covariant<OutElem>; _OutErr: Covariant<OutErr>;}Other
Signature
declare const catch: { <OutErr, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(f: (d: OutErr) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1, OutDone1 | OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: OutErr) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Signature
declare const let: { <N extends string, OutElem extends object, B>(name: Exclude<N, keyof OutElem>, f: (a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => B): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>) => Channel<{ [K in string | number | symbol]: K extends keyof OutElem ? OutElem[K] : B }, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>; <OutElem extends object, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R, N extends string, B>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>, name: Exclude<N, keyof OutElem>, f: (a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => B): Channel<{ [K in string | number | symbol]: K extends keyof OutElem ? OutElem[K] : B }, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>;}Providing Services
Provides a Layer or Context to the channel, removing the corresponding
service requirements.
Details
Providing a Context delegates to provideContext. Providing a Layer
builds the layer in the channel scope. Use options.local to build a fresh
layer instance for this provision.
Signature
declare const provide: { <A, E = never, R = never>(layer: Layer<A, E, R> | Context<A>, options?: { readonly local?: boolean; }): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Exclude<Env, A>>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, A, E = never, R = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, layer: Layer<A, E, R> | Context<A>, options?: { readonly local?: boolean; }): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Exclude<Env, A>>;}provideContext
Provides a Context to the channel, removing the corresponding service
requirements from the returned channel.
Signature
declare const provideContext: { <R2>(context: Context<R2>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Exclude<Env, R2>>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, R2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, context: Context<R2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Exclude<Env, R2>>;}provideService
Provides a concrete service for a context key, removing that service requirement from the returned channel.
Signature
declare const provideService: { <I, S>(key: Key<I, S>, service: NoInfer<S>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Exclude<Env, I>>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, I, S>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, key: Key<I, S>, service: NoInfer<S>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Exclude<Env, I>>;}provideServiceEffect
Provides a service to the channel after obtaining it from an effect.
When to use
Use to supply a channel dependency when constructing the service itself is effectful or can fail.
Details
If the service effect fails, the returned channel fails. The provided service removes the corresponding service requirement from the returned channel.
Signature
declare const provideServiceEffect: { <I, S, ES, RS>(key: Key<I, S>, service: Effect<NoInfer<S>, ES, RS>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, ES | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, RS | Exclude<Env, I>>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, I, S, ES, RS>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, key: Key<I, S>, service: Effect<NoInfer<S>, ES, RS>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | ES, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, RS | Exclude<Env, I>>;}updateContext
Transforms the current context before running the channel.
Details
The function receives the surrounding context and returns the context to provide to the channel. The returned channel requires the services needed to build that context.
Signature
declare const updateContext: { <Env, R2>(f: (context: Context<R2>) => Context<Env>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone>(self: Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, R2>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, R2>(self: Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Env>, f: (context: Context<R2>) => Context<Env>): Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, R2>;}updateService
Updates a service in the current context before running the channel.
Details
The existing service is read from the context. The updated service is provided to the channel under the same key.
Signature
declare const updateService: { <I, S>(key: Key<I, S>, f: (service: NoInfer<S>) => S): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, I | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, I, S>(self: Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Env>, service: Key<I, S>, f: (service: NoInfer<S>) => S): Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Env | I>;}Repetition
Repeats this channel forever.
Signature
declare function forever<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, never, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Repeats this channel according to the provided schedule.
Signature
declare const repeat: { <SO, OutDone, SE, SR>(schedule: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutDone>, SE, SR> | ($: <SO, SE, SR>(_: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutDone>, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, OutDone, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutDone>, SE, SR>): <OutElem, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, SE | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, SR | Env>) => Channel<OutElem, SE | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, SR | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, SO, SE, SR>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, schedule: Schedule<SO, OutDone, SE, SR> | ($: <SO, SE, SR>(_: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutDone>, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, OutDone, SE, SR>) => Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutDone>, SE, SR>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | SE, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | SR>;}Resource Management
Returns a channel with a finalizer effect that is guaranteed to run once the channel begins execution, whether it succeeds or fails.
Signature
declare const ensuring: { <Env2>(finalizer: Effect<unknown, never, Env2>): <OutElem, OutDone, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, finalizer: Effect<unknown, never, Env2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}Example
(Ensuring cleanup runs)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class EnsureError extends Data.TaggedError("EnsureError")<{ readonly operation: string}> {}
// Create a channelconst dataChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Ensure cleanup always runsconst events: Array<string> = []const channelWithCleanup = Channel.ensuring( dataChannel, Effect.sync(() => events.push("cleanup")))const observed = [await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channelWithCleanup)), events] // => [[1, 2, 3], ["cleanup"]]Returns a channel with an exit-aware finalizer that is guaranteed to run once the channel begins execution, whether it succeeds or fails.
Signature
declare const onExit: { <OutDone, OutErr, Env2>(finalizer: (e: Exit<OutDone, OutErr>) => Effect<unknown, never, Env2>): <OutElem, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, finalizer: (e: Exit<OutDone, OutErr>) => Effect<unknown, never, Env2>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}Example
(Running exit finalizers)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
class ExitError extends Data.TaggedError("ExitError")<{ readonly stage: string}> {}
// Create a channelconst dataChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Attach exit handlerconst exits: Array<Exit.Exit<void, ExitError>> = []const channelWithExit = Channel.onExit(dataChannel, (exit) => { exits.push(exit) return Effect.void})const observed = [await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(channelWithExit)), exits] // => [[1, 2, 3], [Exit.void]]Runs a channel with a scope provided for the duration of the channel
execution, removing the channel's Scope requirement.
Signature
declare function scoped<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Exclude<Env, Scope>>Running
mkUint8Array
Concatenates a channel's Uint8Array chunks into a single Uint8Array.
Gotchas
This materializes the full content in memory. The source channel must not reuse or mutate emitted buffers, which are retained until collection completes.
Signature
declare function mkUint8Array<OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly [Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>, Uint8Array<ArrayBufferLike>], OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<Uint8Array<ArrayBuffer>, OutErr, Env>Example
(Joining channel byte chunks)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const channel = Channel.fromArray([ [new Uint8Array([1, 2])], [new Uint8Array([3, 4])]] as const)
const bytes = Effect.runSync(Channel.mkUint8Array(channel))Array.from(bytes) // => [1, 2, 3, 4]runCollect
Runs a channel and collects all output elements into an array.
Signature
declare function runCollect<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<Array<OutElem>, OutErr, Env>Example
(Collecting channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class CollectError extends Data.TaggedError("CollectError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create a channel with elementsconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
// Collect all elements into an arrayconst collectEffect = Channel.runCollect(numbersChannel)
Effect.runSync(collectEffect) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]Runs a channel and counts the number of elements it outputs.
Signature
declare function runCount<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<number, OutErr, Env>Example
(Counting channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class CountError extends Data.TaggedError("CountError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create a channel with multiple elementsconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
// Count the elementsconst countEffect = Channel.runCount(numbersChannel)
Effect.runSync(countEffect) // => 5Runs a channel and outputs the done value.
Signature
declare function runDone<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<OutDone, OutErr, Env>Runs a channel and discards all output elements, returning only the final result.
Signature
declare function runDrain<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<OutDone, OutErr, Env>Example
(Draining channel output at runtime)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class DrainError extends Data.TaggedError("DrainError")<{ readonly stage: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs elements and completes with a resultconst resultChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])const completedChannel = Channel.concat(resultChannel, Channel.end("completed"))
// Drain all elements and get only the final resultconst drainEffect = Channel.runDrain(completedChannel)
Effect.runSync(drainEffect) // => "completed"Runs a channel and folds over all output elements with an accumulator.
Signature
declare const runFold: { <Z, OutElem>(initial: LazyArg<Z>, f: (acc: Z, o: OutElem) => Z): <OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<Z, OutErr, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env, Z>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, initial: LazyArg<Z>, f: (acc: Z, o: OutElem) => Z): Effect<Z, OutErr, Env>;}Example
(Folding channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class FoldError extends Data.TaggedError("FoldError")<{ readonly operation: string}> {}
// Create a channel with numbersconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
// Fold to calculate sumconst sumEffect = Channel.runFold(numbersChannel, () => 0, (acc, n) => acc + n)
Effect.runSync(sumEffect) // => 15runFoldEffect
Runs a channel and effectfully folds all output elements with an accumulator.
When to use
Use when folding channel output needs effects, services, or an additional failure channel during accumulation.
Details
The initial accumulator is evaluated lazily. Each output element is passed to the effectful accumulator function. The returned effect succeeds with the final accumulator value.
Signature
declare const runFoldEffect: { <OutElem, Z, E, R>(initial: LazyArg<Z>, f: (acc: Z, o: OutElem) => Effect<Z, E, R>): <OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<Z, E | OutErr, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env, Z, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, initial: LazyArg<Z>, f: (acc: Z, o: OutElem) => Effect<Z, E, R>): Effect<Z, OutErr | E, Env | R>;}runForEach
Runs a channel and applies an effect to each output element.
Signature
declare const runForEach: { <OutElem, EX, RX>(f: (o: OutElem) => Effect<void, EX, RX>): <OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<OutDone, EX | OutErr, RX | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env, EX, RX>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, f: (o: OutElem) => Effect<void, EX, RX>): Effect<OutDone, OutErr | EX, Env | RX>;}Example
(Running effects for each output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class ForEachError extends Data.TaggedError("ForEachError")<{ readonly element: unknown}> {}
// Create a channel with numbersconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Run forEach to process each elementconst processed: Array<number> = []const forEachEffect = Channel.runForEach( numbersChannel, (n) => Effect.sync(() => processed.push(n)))
await Effect.runPromise(forEachEffect)processed // => [1, 2, 3]runForEachWhile
Runs a channel and applies an effectful predicate to each output element
until the predicate returns false.
Details
Returning true continues consuming the channel. Returning false stops
consumption early. The returned effect completes with void.
Signature
declare const runForEachWhile: { <OutElem, EX, RX>(f: (o: OutElem) => Effect<boolean, EX, RX>): <OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Effect<void, EX | OutErr, RX | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env, EX, RX>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, f: (o: OutElem) => Effect<boolean, EX, RX>): Effect<void, OutErr | EX, Env | RX>;}Runs a channel until the first output element is available, returning it in
an Option.
Details
Returns Option.some with the first output element, or Option.none if the
channel completes without emitting output.
Signature
declare function runHead<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<Option<OutElem>, OutErr, Env>Runs a channel to completion and returns the last output element in an
Option.
Details
Returns Option.some with the last emitted element, or Option.none if the
channel completes without emitting output.
Signature
declare function runLast<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>): Effect<Option<OutElem>, OutErr, Env>Sequencing
Adds a field to each object emitted by a channel by running another channel derived from that object.
Details
The field name must not already exist on the emitted object. The derived
channel's output becomes the value of the new field. options.concurrency
and options.bufferSize control how derived channels are flattened.
Signature
declare const bind: { <N extends string, OutElem extends object, B, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>(name: Exclude<N, keyof OutElem>, f: (a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Channel<B, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<{ [K in string | number | symbol]: K extends keyof OutElem ? OutElem[K] : B }, OutErr2 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem & InElem2, InErr & InErr2, InDone & InDone2, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem extends object, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, N extends string, B, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, name: Exclude<N, keyof OutElem>, f: (a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Channel<B, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): Channel<{ [K in string | number | symbol]: K extends keyof OutElem ? OutElem[K] : B }, OutErr | OutErr2, OutDone, InElem & InElem2, InErr & InErr2, InDone & InDone2, Env | Env2>;}Combines two channels with a stateful pull function.
When to use
Use to coordinate pulling from two channels when each output element depends on both sides and local state.
Details
The combining function receives the current state and pull functions for the left and right channels. It returns the next output element together with the next state.
Signature
declare const combine: { <OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2, S, OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, A, E, R>(that: Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>, s: LazyArg<S>, f: (s: S, pullLeft: Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>, pullRight: Pull<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2>) => Effect<readonly [A, S], E, R>): <InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<A, Exclude<E, Done<any>>, Extract<E>, InElem & InElem2, InErr & InErr2, InDone & InDone2, Env2 | R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2, S, A, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, that: Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem2, InErr2, InDone2, Env2>, s: LazyArg<S>, f: (s: S, pullLeft: Pull<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>, pullRight: Pull<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2>) => Effect<readonly [A, S], E, R>): Channel<A, Exclude<E, Done<any>>, Extract<E>, InElem & InElem2, InErr & InErr2, InDone & InDone2, Env | Env2 | R>;}Concatenates this channel with another channel, so that the second channel starts emitting values after the first channel has completed.
Signature
declare const concat: { <OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(that: Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, that: Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Concatenating channels)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class ConcatError extends Data.TaggedError("ConcatError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create two channelsconst firstChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])const secondChannel = Channel.fromIterable(["a", "b", "c"])
// Concatenate themconst concatenatedChannel = Channel.concat(firstChannel, secondChannel)
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(concatenatedChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3, "a", "b", "c"]concatWith
Concatenates this channel with another channel created from the terminal value of this channel. The new channel is created using the provided function.
Signature
declare const concatWith: { <OutDone, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(f: (leftover: NoInfer<OutDone>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (leftover: NoInfer<OutDone>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Concatenating with completion values)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class ConcatError extends Data.TaggedError("ConcatError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs numbers and terminates with sumconst numberChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3]).pipe( Channel.concatWith((sum: void) => Channel.succeed(`Completed processing`)))
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(numberChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3, "Completed processing"]embedInput
Runs an input handler against the upstream pull while the wrapped channel runs without receiving upstream input directly.
Details
The input handler is forked in the channel scope. The wrapped channel is run with an already-completed input.
Signature
declare const embedInput: { <InElem, InErr, InDone, R>(input: (upstream: Pull<InElem, InErr, InDone>) => Effect<void, never, R>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env, InErr, InElem, InDone, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, unknown, unknown, unknown, Env>, input: (upstream: Pull<InElem, InErr, InDone>) => Effect<void, never, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Example
(Embedding custom input handling)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create a base channelconst baseChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Drain the embedded input while the base channel runsconst embeddedChannel = Channel.embedInput( baseChannel, (upstream) => upstream.pipe( Effect.forever, Effect.ignore ))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(embeddedChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3]Maps each output element to a channel and flattens the child channel outputs.
Details
The source channel's done value is preserved. Child channel done values are
used only for child-channel completion. By default child channels are run
sequentially. Use options.concurrency and options.bufferSize to run child
channels concurrently.
Signature
declare const flatMap: { <OutElem, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(f: (d: OutElem) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: OutElem) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): Channel<OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Flat mapping channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class ProcessError extends Data.TaggedError("ProcessError")<{ readonly cause: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs numbersconst numberChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// FlatMap each number to create new channelsconst flatMappedChannel = Channel.flatMap( numberChannel, (n) => Channel.fromIterable(Array.from({ length: n }, (_, i) => `item-${n}-${i}`)))
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(flatMappedChannel)) // => ["item-1-0", "item-2-0", "item-2-1", "item-3-0", "item-3-1", "item-3-2"]Maps the output of this channel using the specified function.
Signature
declare const map: { <OutElem, OutElem2>(f: (o: OutElem, i: number) => OutElem2): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (o: OutElem, i: number) => OutElem2): Channel<OutElem2, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Example
(Mapping channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class TransformError extends Data.TaggedError("TransformError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Basic mapping of channel valuesconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])const doubledChannel = Channel.map(numbersChannel, (n) => n * 2)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(doubledChannel)) // => [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
// Transform string dataconst wordsChannel = Channel.fromIterable(["hello", "world", "effect"])const upperCaseChannel = Channel.map(wordsChannel, (word) => word.toUpperCase())Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(upperCaseChannel)) // => ["HELLO", "WORLD", "EFFECT"]
// Complex object transformationtype User = { id: number; name: string }type UserDisplay = { displayName: string; isActive: boolean }
const usersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([ { id: 1, name: "Alice" }, { id: 2, name: "Bob" }])const displayChannel = Channel.map(usersChannel, (user): UserDisplay => ({ displayName: `User: ${user.name}`, isActive: true}))Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(displayChannel)) // => [{ displayName: "User: Alice", isActive: true }, { displayName: "User: Bob", isActive: true }]Maps over a channel statefully with an accumulator, where each element can produce multiple output values.
Signature
declare const mapAccum: { <S, OutElem, B, E = never, R = never>(initial: LazyArg<S>, f: (s: S, a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<readonly [S, readonly Array<B>], E, R> | readonly [S, readonly Array<B>], options?: { readonly onHalt?: (state: S) => Array<B>; }): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<B, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, S, B, E = never, R = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, initial: LazyArg<S>, f: (s: S, a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<readonly [S, readonly Array<B>], E, R> | readonly [S, readonly Array<B>], options?: { readonly onHalt?: (state: S) => Array<B>; }): Channel<B, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Example
(Mapping with accumulated state)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create a channel with numbersconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4])
// Use mapAccum to create running sums and emit both current and sumconst runningSum = Channel.mapAccum( numbersChannel, () => 0, // initial accumulator state (sum, current) => { const newSum = sum + current // Return [newState, outputValues] return [newSum, [current, newSum]] as const })// Using with Effect for async processingconst asyncMapAccum = Channel.mapAccum( numbersChannel, () => "", (acc, value) => Effect.gen(function*() { const newAcc = acc + value.toString() return [newAcc, [`${value}-processed`, newAcc]] as const }))Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(runningSum)) // => [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 6, 4, 10]Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(asyncMapAccum)) // => ["1-processed", "1", "2-processed", "12", "3-processed", "123", "4-processed", "1234"]Maps the done value of this channel using the specified function.
Signature
declare const mapDone: { <OutDone, OutDone2>(f: (o: OutDone) => OutDone2): <OutElem, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutDone2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (o: OutDone) => OutDone2): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}mapDoneEffect
Maps the done value of this channel using the specified effectful function.
When to use
Use when the terminal done value transformation needs services or can fail, while emitted elements should pass through unchanged.
Signature
declare const mapDoneEffect: { <OutDone, OutDone2, E, R>(f: (o: OutDone) => Effect<OutDone2, E, R>): <OutElem, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, E | OutErr, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutDone2, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (o: OutDone) => Effect<OutDone2, E, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | E, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Maps each output element with an effectful function, preserving the source channel's done value.
When to use
Use when transforming each channel output needs an Effect, service dependency, failure channel, or configured concurrency.
Details
The mapping function receives the output element and its zero-based index.
By default elements are mapped sequentially. Use options.concurrency to
map multiple elements concurrently, and options.unordered to allow
concurrently mapped outputs to be emitted as soon as they complete.
Signature
declare const mapEffect: { <OutElem, OutElem1, OutErr1, Env1>(f: (d: OutElem, i: number) => Effect<OutElem1, OutErr1, Env1>, options?: { readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; readonly unordered?: boolean; }): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: OutElem, i: number) => Effect<OutElem1, OutErr1, Env1>, options?: { readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; readonly unordered?: boolean; }): Channel<OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Mapping channel output with effects)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
const numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])const processedChannel = Channel.mapEffect( numbersChannel, (n) => Effect.succeed(n * n))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(processedChannel)) // => [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]Returns a new channel which is the same as this one but applies the given function to the input channel’s input elements.
Signature
declare const mapInput: { <InElem, InElem2, InErr, R = never>(f: (i: InElem2) => Effect<InElem, InErr, R>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem2, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, InElem2, R = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (i: InElem2) => Effect<InElem, InErr, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem2, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}mapInputError
Returns a new channel which is the same as this one but applies the given function to the input errors.
Signature
declare const mapInputError: { <InErr, InErr2, R = never>(f: (i: InErr2) => Effect<InErr, InErr, R>): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr2, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, InErr2, R = never>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (i: InErr2) => Effect<InErr, InErr, R>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr2, InDone, Env | R>;}orElseIfEmpty
Runs a fallback channel if this channel completes without emitting any output elements.
Details
If the source emits at least one element, the source is used unchanged. If the source completes before emitting an element, the fallback function receives the source done value and returns the replacement channel.
Signature
declare const orElseIfEmpty: { <OutDone, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(f: (leftover: NoInfer<OutDone>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): <OutElem, OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1 | OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (leftover: NoInfer<OutDone>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>): Channel<OutElem | OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone | OutDone1, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Returns a new channel that pipes the output of this channel into the specified channel. The returned channel has the input type of this channel, and the output type of the specified channel, terminating with the value of the specified channel.
Signature
declare const pipeTo: { <OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env2>(that: Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env2>): <InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, that: Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, Env2>): Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}Example
(Piping one channel into another)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class PipeError extends Data.TaggedError("PipeError")<{ readonly stage: string}> {}
// Create source and transform channelsconst sourceChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])const transformChannel = Channel.map(sourceChannel, (n: number) => n * 2)
// Pipe the source into the transformconst pipedChannel = Channel.pipeTo(sourceChannel, transformChannel)
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(pipedChannel)) // => [2, 4, 6]pipeToOrFail
Returns a new channel that pipes the output of this channel into the specified channel and preserves this channel's failures without providing them to the other channel for observation.
Signature
declare const pipeToOrFail: { <OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, OutElem, OutDone, Env2>(that: Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, OutElem, never, OutDone, Env2>): <OutErr, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2 | OutErr, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env2 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, Env2>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, that: Channel<OutElem2, OutErr2, OutDone2, OutElem, never, OutDone, Env2>): Channel<OutElem2, OutErr | OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env2>;}Example
(Piping while preserving failures)
import { Channel, Data, Effect, Exit } from "effect"
class SourceError extends Data.TaggedError("SourceError")<{ readonly code: number}> {}
// Create a failing source channelconst error = new SourceError({ code: 404 })const failingSource = Channel.fail(error)const safeTransform = Channel.identity<never, never, never>()
// Pipe while preserving source failuresconst safePipedChannel = Channel.pipeToOrFail(failingSource, safeTransform)
Effect.runSync(Effect.exit(Channel.runCollect(safePipedChannel))) // => Exit.fail(error)Transforms a channel statefully by scanning over its output with an accumulator function. Emits the intermediate results of the scan operation.
Signature
declare const scan: { <S, OutElem>(initial: S, f: (s: S, a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => S): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<S, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, S>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, initial: S, f: (s: S, a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => S): Channel<S, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>;}Example
(Scanning channel output)
import { Channel, Effect } from "effect"
// Create a channel with numbersconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
// Scan to create running sumconst runningSumChannel = Channel.scan(numbersChannel, 0, (sum, n) => sum + n)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(runningSumChannel)) // => [0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15]// Note: emits the initial value and each intermediate result
// Scan with string concatenationconst wordsChannel = Channel.fromIterable(["hello", "world", "from", "effect"])const sentenceChannel = Channel.scan( wordsChannel, "", (sentence, word) => sentence === "" ? word : `${sentence} ${word}`)Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(sentenceChannel)) // => ["", "hello", "hello world", "hello world from", "hello world from effect"]scanEffect
Transforms a channel statefully by scanning over its output with an effectful accumulator function. Emits the intermediate results of the scan operation.
When to use
Use when maintaining accumulated state over channel output requires Effects or can fail, while still emitting each intermediate state.
Signature
declare const scanEffect: { <S, OutElem, E, R>(initial: S, f: (s: S, a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<S, E, R>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<S, E | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, S, E, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, initial: S, f: (s: S, a: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<S, E, R>): Channel<S, OutErr | E, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | R>;}Example
(Scanning channel output with effects)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class ScanError extends Data.TaggedError("ScanError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create a channel with numbersconst numbersChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3, 4])
// Effectful scan with async operationsconst asyncScanChannel = Channel.scanEffect( numbersChannel, "", (acc, value) => Effect.gen(function*() { return acc + value.toString() }))await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(asyncScanChannel)) // => ["", "1", "12", "123", "1234"]
// Scan with error handlingconst errorHandlingScan = Channel.scanEffect( numbersChannel, 0, (sum, n) => { if (n < 0) { return Effect.fail(new ScanError({ reason: "negative number" })) } return Effect.succeed(sum + n) })await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(errorHandlingScan)) // => [0, 1, 3, 6, 10]Runs a schedule step for each output element while preserving the emitted elements.
Details
The schedule receives each output element as input. Schedule delays are applied between emitted elements. If the schedule fails, the returned channel fails. If the schedule finishes, the returned channel completes with the schedule output.
Signature
declare const schedule: { <SO, OutElem, SE, SR>(schedule: Schedule<SO, NoInfer<OutElem>, SE, SR>): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, SE | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, SR | Env>) => Channel<OutElem, SE | OutErr, SO | OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, SR | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, SO, SE, SR>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, schedule: Schedule<SO, OutElem, SE, SR>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | SE, OutDone | SO, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | SR>;}Maps each output element to a channel and emits values from the most recent active child channels.
Details
With the default concurrency of 1, starting a new child channel interrupts
the previous child channel. Use options.concurrency to allow more active
child channels. The source channel's done value is preserved.
Signature
declare const switchMap: { <OutElem, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(f: (d: OutElem) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: OutElem) => Channel<OutElem1, OutErr1, OutDone1, InElem1, InErr1, InDone1, Env1>, options?: { readonly bufferSize?: number; readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): Channel<OutElem1, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone, InElem & InElem1, InErr & InErr1, InDone & InDone1, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Switching mapped channels)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class SwitchError extends Data.TaggedError("SwitchError")<{ readonly reason: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs numbersconst numberChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Switch to new channels based on each valueconst switchedChannel = Channel.switchMap( numberChannel, (n) => Channel.fromIterable([`value-${n}`]))
await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(switchedChannel)) // => ["value-3"]Applies a side effect function to each output element of the channel, returning a new channel that emits the same elements.
Details
The tap function allows you to perform side effects (like logging or
debugging) on each element emitted by a channel without modifying the
elements themselves.
Signature
declare const tap: { <OutElem, X, OutErr1, Env1>(f: (d: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<X, OutErr1, Env1>, options?: { readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): <OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>) => Channel<OutElem, OutErr1 | OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env1 | Env>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env, X, OutErr1, Env1>(self: Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>, f: (d: NoInfer<OutElem>) => Effect<X, OutErr1, Env1>, options?: { readonly concurrency?: number | "unbounded"; }): Channel<OutElem, OutErr | OutErr1, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env | Env1>;}Example
(Tapping channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class LogError extends Data.TaggedError("LogError")<{ readonly message: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs numbersconst numberChannel = Channel.fromIterable([1, 2, 3])
// Tap into each output element to perform side effectsconst processed: Array<number> = []const tappedChannel = Channel.tap( numberChannel, (n) => Effect.sync(() => processed.push(n)))
const observed = [await Effect.runPromise(Channel.runCollect(tappedChannel)), processed] // => [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]Splitting
splitLines
Splits upstream string chunks into lines, recognizing \n, \r\n, and
standalone \r as line terminators. The behavior matches
String.linesIterator regardless of how the input is chunked.
Details
A line terminator at the very end of the stream does not produce a
trailing empty line (consistent with String.linesIterator). Conversely,
if the stream ends without a terminator the final partial line is still
emitted.
Signature
declare function splitLines<Err, Done>(): Channel<readonly [string, string], Err, Done, readonly [string, string], Err, Done>Example
(Splitting string chunks into lines)
import { Effect, Stream } from "effect"
const result = await Effect.runPromise(Stream.runCollect( Stream.splitLines(Stream.make("hel", "lo\r\nwor", "ld\n"))))result // => ["hello", "world"]Tracing
Runs the channel inside a tracing span with the specified name and options.
Details
The created span is provided as the current parent span while the channel runs. The span is ended with the channel's exit value.
Signature
declare const withSpan: { (name: string, options?: SpanOptions): <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, R>) => Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Exclude<R, ParentSpan>>; <OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, R>(self: Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, R>, name: string, options?: SpanOptions): Channel<OutElem, InElem, OutErr, InErr, OutDone, InDone, Exclude<R, ParentSpan>>;}Transforming
flattenArray
Flattens a channel that outputs arrays into a channel that outputs individual elements.
Signature
declare function flattenArray<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<readonly Array<OutElem>, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): Channel<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Example
(Flattening arrays of channel output)
import { Channel, Data, Effect } from "effect"
class FlattenError extends Data.TaggedError("FlattenError")<{ readonly message: string}> {}
// Create a channel that outputs arraysconst arrayChannel = Channel.fromIterable([ [1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9]])
// Flatten the arrays into individual elementsconst flattenedChannel = Channel.flattenArray(arrayChannel)
Effect.runSync(Channel.runCollect(flattenedChannel)) // => [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]flattenTake
Flattens a channel that emits Take values into a channel that emits the
Take outputs directly.
Details
Output Take values are emitted as non-empty arrays. Failed Take values
fail the returned channel. Done Take values complete the returned channel.
Signature
declare function flattenTake<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>(self: Channel<Take<OutElem, OutErr, OutDone>, OutErr2, OutDone2, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>): Channel<readonly [OutElem, OutElem], OutErr | OutErr2, OutDone, InElem, InErr, InDone, Env>Type IDs
Runtime identifier stored on Channel values and used by isChannel to
recognize them.
Signature
declare const TypeId: "~effect/Channel"String literal type used as the unique brand for Channel values.
Signature
type TypeId = "~effect/Channel"