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Path

The @effect/platform/Path module provides a set of operations for working with file paths.

The module provides a single Path tag, which acts as the gateway for interacting with paths.

Example (Accessing the Path Service)

import {
import Path
Path
} from "@effect/platform"
import {
import Effect

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

Effect
} from "effect"
const
const program: Effect.Effect<void, never, Path.Path>
program
=
import Effect

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

Effect
.
const gen: <YieldWrap<Tag<Path.Path, Path.Path>>, void>(f: (resume: Effect.Adapter) => Generator<YieldWrap<Tag<Path.Path, Path.Path>>, void, never>) => Effect.Effect<...> (+1 overload)

Provides a way to write effectful code using generator functions, simplifying control flow and error handling.

When to Use

Effect.gen allows you to write code that looks and behaves like synchronous code, but it can handle asynchronous tasks, errors, and complex control flow (like loops and conditions). It helps make asynchronous code more readable and easier to manage.

The generator functions work similarly to async/await but with more explicit control over the execution of effects. You can yield* values from effects and return the final result at the end.

@example

import { Effect } from "effect"
const addServiceCharge = (amount: number) => amount + 1
const applyDiscount = (
total: number,
discountRate: number
): Effect.Effect<number, Error> =>
discountRate === 0
? Effect.fail(new Error("Discount rate cannot be zero"))
: Effect.succeed(total - (total * discountRate) / 100)
const fetchTransactionAmount = Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(100))
const fetchDiscountRate = Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(5))
export const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
const transactionAmount = yield* fetchTransactionAmount
const discountRate = yield* fetchDiscountRate
const discountedAmount = yield* applyDiscount(
transactionAmount,
discountRate
)
const finalAmount = addServiceCharge(discountedAmount)
return `Final amount to charge: ${finalAmount}`
})

@since2.0.0

gen
(function* () {
const
const path: Path.Path
path
= yield*
import Path
Path
.
const Path: Tag<Path.Path, Path.Path>

@since1.0.0

@since1.0.0

@since1.0.0

Path
// Use `path` to perform various path operations
})

The Path interface includes the following operations:

OperationDescription
basenameReturns the last part of a path, optionally removing a given suffix.
dirnameReturns the directory part of a path.
extnameReturns the file extension from a path.
formatFormats a path object into a path string.
fromFileUrlConverts a file URL to a path.
isAbsoluteChecks if a path is absolute.
joinJoins multiple path segments into one.
normalizeNormalizes a path by resolving . and .. segments.
parseParses a path string into an object with its segments.
relativeComputes the relative path from one path to another.
resolveResolves a sequence of paths to an absolute path.
sepReturns the platform-specific path segment separator (e.g., / on POSIX).
toFileUrlConverts a path to a file URL.
toNamespacedPathConverts a path to a namespaced path (specific to Windows).

Example (Joining Path Segments)

import {
import Path
Path
} from "@effect/platform"
import {
import Effect

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

Effect
} from "effect"
import {
import NodeContext
NodeContext
,
import NodeRuntime
NodeRuntime
} from "@effect/platform-node"
const
const program: Effect.Effect<void, never, Path.Path>
program
=
import Effect

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

Effect
.
const gen: <YieldWrap<Tag<Path.Path, Path.Path>>, void>(f: (resume: Effect.Adapter) => Generator<YieldWrap<Tag<Path.Path, Path.Path>>, void, never>) => Effect.Effect<...> (+1 overload)

Provides a way to write effectful code using generator functions, simplifying control flow and error handling.

When to Use

Effect.gen allows you to write code that looks and behaves like synchronous code, but it can handle asynchronous tasks, errors, and complex control flow (like loops and conditions). It helps make asynchronous code more readable and easier to manage.

The generator functions work similarly to async/await but with more explicit control over the execution of effects. You can yield* values from effects and return the final result at the end.

@example

import { Effect } from "effect"
const addServiceCharge = (amount: number) => amount + 1
const applyDiscount = (
total: number,
discountRate: number
): Effect.Effect<number, Error> =>
discountRate === 0
? Effect.fail(new Error("Discount rate cannot be zero"))
: Effect.succeed(total - (total * discountRate) / 100)
const fetchTransactionAmount = Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(100))
const fetchDiscountRate = Effect.promise(() => Promise.resolve(5))
export const program = Effect.gen(function* () {
const transactionAmount = yield* fetchTransactionAmount
const discountRate = yield* fetchDiscountRate
const discountedAmount = yield* applyDiscount(
transactionAmount,
discountRate
)
const finalAmount = addServiceCharge(discountedAmount)
return `Final amount to charge: ${finalAmount}`
})

@since2.0.0

gen
(function* () {
const
const path: Path.Path
path
= yield*
import Path
Path
.
const Path: Tag<Path.Path, Path.Path>

@since1.0.0

@since1.0.0

@since1.0.0

Path
const
const mypath: string
mypath
=
const path: Path.Path
path
.
Path.join: (...paths: ReadonlyArray<string>) => string
join
("tmp", "file.txt")
var console: Console

The console module provides a simple debugging console that is similar to the JavaScript console mechanism provided by web browsers.

The module exports two specific components:

  • A Console class with methods such as console.log(), console.error() and console.warn() that can be used to write to any Node.js stream.
  • A global console instance configured to write to process.stdout and process.stderr. The global console can be used without importing the node:console module.

Warning: The global console object's methods are neither consistently synchronous like the browser APIs they resemble, nor are they consistently asynchronous like all other Node.js streams. See the note on process I/O for more information.

Example using the global console:

console.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to stdout
console.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints error message and stack trace to stderr:
// Error: Whoops, something bad happened
// at [eval]:5:15
// at Script.runInThisContext (node:vm:132:18)
// at Object.runInThisContext (node:vm:309:38)
// at node:internal/process/execution:77:19
// at [eval]-wrapper:6:22
// at evalScript (node:internal/process/execution:76:60)
// at node:internal/main/eval_string:23:3
const name = 'Will Robinson';
console.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to stderr

Example using the Console class:

const out = getStreamSomehow();
const err = getStreamSomehow();
const myConsole = new console.Console(out, err);
myConsole.log('hello world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.log('hello %s', 'world');
// Prints: hello world, to out
myConsole.error(new Error('Whoops, something bad happened'));
// Prints: [Error: Whoops, something bad happened], to err
const name = 'Will Robinson';
myConsole.warn(`Danger ${name}! Danger!`);
// Prints: Danger Will Robinson! Danger!, to err

@seesource

console
.
Console.log(message?: any, ...optionalParams: any[]): void

Prints to stdout with newline. Multiple arguments can be passed, with the first used as the primary message and all additional used as substitution values similar to printf(3) (the arguments are all passed to util.format()).

const count = 5;
console.log('count: %d', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout
console.log('count:', count);
// Prints: count: 5, to stdout

See util.format() for more information.

@sincev0.1.100

log
(
const mypath: string
mypath
)
})
import NodeRuntime
NodeRuntime
.
const runMain: RunMain
<never, void>(effect: Effect.Effect<void, never, never>, options?: {
readonly disableErrorReporting?: boolean | undefined;
readonly disablePrettyLogger?: boolean | undefined;
readonly teardown?: Teardown | undefined;
}) => void (+1 overload)

Helps you run a main effect with built-in error handling, logging, and signal management.

Details

This function launches an Effect as the main entry point, setting exit codes based on success or failure, handling interrupts (e.g., Ctrl+C), and optionally logging errors. By default, it logs errors and uses a "pretty" format, but both behaviors can be turned off. You can also provide custom teardown logic to finalize resources or produce different exit codes.

Options

An optional object that can include:

  • disableErrorReporting: Turn off automatic error logging.
  • disablePrettyLogger: Avoid adding the pretty logger.
  • teardown: Provide custom finalization logic.

When to Use

Use this function to run an Effect as your application’s main program, especially when you need structured error handling, log management, interrupt support, or advanced teardown capabilities.

runMain
(
const program: Effect.Effect<void, never, Path.Path>
program
.
Pipeable.pipe<Effect.Effect<void, never, Path.Path>, Effect.Effect<void, never, never>>(this: Effect.Effect<...>, ab: (_: Effect.Effect<void, never, Path.Path>) => Effect.Effect<void, never, never>): Effect.Effect<...> (+21 overloads)
pipe
(
import Effect

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

@since2.0.0

Effect
.
const provide: <NodeContext.NodeContext, never, never>(layer: Layer<NodeContext.NodeContext, never, never>) => <A, E, R>(self: Effect.Effect<A, E, R>) => Effect.Effect<...> (+9 overloads)

Provides necessary dependencies to an effect, removing its environmental requirements.

Details

This function allows you to supply the required environment for an effect. The environment can be provided in the form of one or more Layers, a Context, a Runtime, or a ManagedRuntime. Once the environment is provided, the effect can run without requiring external dependencies.

You can compose layers to create a modular and reusable way of setting up the environment for effects. For example, layers can be used to configure databases, logging services, or any other required dependencies.

@seeprovideService for providing a service to an effect.

@example

import { Context, Effect, Layer } from "effect"
class Database extends Context.Tag("Database")<
Database,
{ readonly query: (sql: string) => Effect.Effect<Array<unknown>> }
>() {}
const DatabaseLive = Layer.succeed(
Database,
{
// Simulate a database query
query: (sql: string) => Effect.log(`Executing query: ${sql}`).pipe(Effect.as([]))
}
)
// ┌─── Effect<unknown[], never, Database>
// ▼
const program = Effect.gen(function*() {
const database = yield* Database
const result = yield* database.query("SELECT * FROM users")
return result
})
// ┌─── Effect<unknown[], never, never>
// ▼
const runnable = Effect.provide(program, DatabaseLive)
// Effect.runPromise(runnable).then(console.log)
// Output:
// timestamp=... level=INFO fiber=#0 message="Executing query: SELECT * FROM users"
// []

@since2.0.0

provide
(
import NodeContext
NodeContext
.
const layer: Layer<NodeContext.NodeContext, never, never>

@since1.0.0

layer
)))
// Output: "tmp/file.txt"